Overview of the cooperative program on hydrogen storage, conversion and safety of the international energy agency

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H PFRIEM
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Cooperative Program

Hydrogen Storage Tank Systems and Materials Selection for Transport Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Solid Hydrogen ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Tank System

The present international socio-economic drive for renewable energy use for sustainable development with environmental protection directs attention to hydrogen as energy carrier. Hydrogen production and storage, and fuel cell (FC) technologies have been intensively worked on in Europe including European Commission (EC) supported projects via Framework Programs (FPs), as well as various national and international cooperative programs including those of International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Partnership for Hydrogen Economy (IPHE). The hydrogen storage is required for transport applications as dense as possible to achieve high gravimetric and volumetric density. The storage of hydrogen in liquid, gas and solid forms are associated with low temperature cooling, higher pressures up to 700 bar and integrated higher volume and weight, respectively. The liquid and pressurized gas storage systems are relatively advanced in present applications. On the other hand, the system safety and reliability, hence the public acceptance as well as economic feasibility have been the main drives for solid and hybrid hydrogen applications. The use of solid hydrogen is predicted by the automotive industry to ultimately dominate the hydrogen transport application market. The bottleneck in solid hydrogen application is metal hydride production to meet the quantitative targets for vehicles mainly following the US DOE goals set for years up to 2015. System requirements need also be met for a present target of e.g. 75kWel fuel cell cars aiming at a 400km driving distance with 4 kg of hydrogen. This necessitates a gravimetric storage density of over 6 wt. per cent. The present paper will address the hydrogen storage tank system for on-board applications including storage tank materials, system design, production technologies and system safety. An overview will be presented on the current state-of-the-art of European and international progress on storage materials integrated into on-board storage tank system. The European current programs on hydrogen storage technologies for transport applications including design, safety and system reliability will be addressed.

Preliminary report on the International Energy Agency mode of occurrence inter-laboratory comparison; Phase I, USGS results

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Palmer ◽  
Allan Kolker ◽  
Jason C. Willett ◽  
Stanley J. Mroczkowski ◽  
Robert B. Finkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence

Competition, cooperation, and adaptation: The organizational ecology of international organizations in global energy governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Christian Downie
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Organizational Ecology ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Energy Governance

Abstract In policy domains characterised by complexity, international organizations (IOs) with overlapping mandates and governance functions regularly interact in ways that have important implications for global governance. Yet the dynamics of IO interactions remain understudied. This article breaks new ground by building on the theoretical insights of organizational ecology to examine IO competition, cooperation, and adaptation in the domain of energy. Drawing on original empirical data, I consider three related hypotheses: (1) competition between IOs in the same population is likely to centre on material resources; (2) IOs are more likely to cooperate when they have a shared governance goal; and (3) individual IOs can adapt by changing their goals and boundaries. In considering these hypotheses, this article highlights the limits of the organizational ecology approach and the need to broaden it to account for the possibility that IOs do cooperate, and that individual IOs, such as the International Energy Agency, have the capacity to adapt to changes in their environment.

Demand-Side Management Programs of the International Energy Agency

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Amir Farahmand-Zahed ◽  
Alireza Akbari-Dibavar ◽  
Sayyad Nojavan ◽  
Kazem Zare
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Energy Agency

scholarly journals Desacoplamento entre as Emissões de CO2 e o PIB

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Yves Rocha De Salles Lima ◽  
Tatiane Stellet Machado ◽  
Joao Jose de Assis Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One

The objetive of this work is to analyze the variation of CO2 emissions and GDP per capita throughout the years and identify the possible interaction between them. For this purpose, data from the International Energy Agency was collected on two countries, Brazil and the one with the highest GDP worldwide, the United States. Thus, the results showed that CO2 emissions have been following the country’s economic growth for many years. However, these two indicators have started to decouple in the US in 2007 while in Brazil the same happened in 2011. Furthermore, projections for CO2 emissions are made until 2040, considering 6 probable scenarios. These projections showed that even if the oil price decreases, the emissions will not be significantly affected as long as the economic growth does not decelerate.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption of Rail Baltica Project: Regional Aspects of Environmental Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Olga Piterina ◽  
Alexander Masharsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Emissions Intensity

Abstract Research purpose. The high-speed railway (HSR) construction project in the Baltic States is the largest joint infrastructure project since the restoration of independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Rail Baltica (RB) is considered as the most energy-efficient project having the lowest environmental impact. However, the issue of energy consumption of the project was not sufficiently addressed either in the investment justification of the RB construction or in the relevant research works regarding the project. The aim of the current research is to determine the indicators of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity of the Latvian section of RB, since they are the key factors of the quantitative assessment of sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach. Critical analysis of the academic research works and reports of the official international organizations dedicated to the topic of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of HSR was conducted prior to the calculation of the above-mentioned indicators. The method of calculation based on International Union of Railways (UIC) was used in order to conduct the cluster analysis within the framework of current work. The main points considered are electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and level of passenger and freight demand. Statistical databases of UIC and International Energy Agency were used. Findings. The calculations carried out by the authors of the given article demonstrate substantial figures of CO2 emissions intensity for Latvian section of the project related to the train load rate and traffic intensity which is evened out only by the CO2 emissions factor in Latvia. Originality/Value/Practical implications. On this basis the authors present the directions for future research required for the development of the effective strategy for the Latvian Republic with the aim of achieving the increase in the RB project’s ecological efficiency.

scholarly journals Passive solar systems for buildings: performance indicators analysis and guidelines for the design

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cillari ◽  
Fabio Fantozzi ◽  
Alessandro Franco
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Passive Solar

Data from the International Energy Agency confirm that in a zero-energy perspective the integration of solar systems in buildings is essential. The development of passive solar strategies has suffered the lack of standard performance indicators and design guidelines. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the main passive solar design strategies based on their classification, performance evaluation and selection methods, with a focus on integrability. Climate and latitude affect the amount of incident solar radiation and the heat losses, while integrability mainly depends on the building structure. For existing buildings, shading and direct systems represent the easiest and most effective passive strategies, while building orientation and shape are limited to new constructions: proper design can reduce building energy demand around 40%. Commercial buildings prefer direct use systems while massive ones with integrated heat storage are more suitable for family houses. A proper selection must consider the energy and economic balance of different building services involved: a multi-objective evaluation method represents the most valid tool to determine the overall performance of passive solar strategies.

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