Effects of crop and surface irrigation method on water intake rate of soil

The influence of grazing on the vegetative cover of fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta was assessed by studying two adjoining sites, one lightly grazed, the other ungrazed. Percentage basal area, yield, water-intake rate, soil temperature, soil moisture, and amount of root material were compared on a paired plot basis.The data showed that light grazing resulted in the development of a richer flora dominated by Danthonia parryi. Protection from grazing appeared to simplify the flora with a trend toward a cover consisting largely of Festuca scabrella. There was little evidence of difference in productivity between the two sites. Cooler and moister conditions prevailed in the upper 12 inches of the soil profile of the ungrazed site as a result of heavy accumulation of mulch. Considerably more root material to a depth of 54 inches was present on the lightly grazed site. The harmful effects of herbage removal, shown by clipping studies, were not apparent in the field study under a light rate of grazing.

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Effect of sprinkler irrigation levels on the performance of blackgram (Vigna mungo) varieties

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3773 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

G. Senthil Kumar ◽

T. Ramesh ◽

K. Subrahmaniyan ◽

V. Ravi

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Sprinkler System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Surface Irrigation ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Irrigation Method ◽

Four Levels

A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu during Summer, 2013 and 2014 to study the response of blackgram varieties to different levels of irrigation through applied sprinkler system. Four levels of irrigation I1 - 50 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation, I2 - 75 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation, I3 - 100 per cent pan evaporation through sprinkler irrigation and I4 - Surface irrigation in main plot and three blackgram varieties viz., ADT 5, PBG 4 and VBN BG 6 were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. Sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation in variety ADT 5 gave significantly better growth and yield attributes and higher grain yield of 1217 kg/ha which was at par with surface irrigation method in ADT 5 variety (1184 kg/ha). Surface irrigation method utilized higher amount of irrigation water of 428.1 mm and 413.6 mm, whereas, sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation utilized minimum amount of irrigation water of 329.2 mm and 308.7 mm during summer 2013 and 2014, respectively. Water saving under sprinkler irrigation at 100% pan evaporation was 23.1% and 25.4% as compared to surface irrigation method during summer 2013 and 2014, respectively.

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Rhythmic changes in the water-intake rate of mice in the daytime.

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0032994 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 435-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Murakami

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Intake Rate

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Effects of Grazing Intensity and Cover on the Water-Intake Rate of Fescue Grassland

Journal of Range Management ◽

10.2307/3894865 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Alexander Johnston

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Intake Rate

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Gastrointestinal and renal responses to water intake in the green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides sephanoides), a South American hummingbird

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (3) ◽

pp. R830-R836 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bradley Hartman Bakken ◽

Pablo Sabat

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Water Intake ◽

Water Flux ◽

Intake Rate ◽

South American ◽

Water Reabsorption ◽

Water Losses ◽

Evaporative Water ◽

Water Loading ◽

Nectar Feeding

To maintain water balance, nectar-feeding vertebrates oscillate between meeting the challenges of avoiding overhydration and preventing dehydration. To understand how green-backed firecrowns ( Sephanoides sephanoides) accomplish this, we examined the response of water-handling processes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and kidney to different rates of water intake during the evening, night, and morning. Fractional water absorption in the GIT was independent of water intake rate (evening: 0.91 ± 0.08; morning: 0.88 ± 0.04). Consistent with this nonregulated water absorption, we found linear increases in water flux, fractional turnover of body water, and the rate of renal water loading as water intake rate increased during both the evening and morning. Despite these relationships, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was insensitive to water loading (evening: 2.08 ± 0.56 ml/h; morning: 1.84 ± 0.68 ml/h) and less than the allometric expectation (2.92 ml/h). During the evening, fractional renal water reabsorption decreased linearly as the rate of water intake increased. At night, a period of natural fasting for hummingbirds, mean GFR was not different from zero (0.00 ± 0.05 ml/h). These findings indicate that green-backed firecrowns eliminate excess ingested water by decreasing water reabsorption in the kidney; to conserve water, it appears that hummingbirds arrest whole kidney GFR, effectively preventing urinary water losses. After discounting evaporative water losses, our results show that hummingbirds rely principally on their renal system to resolve the osmoregulatory quandary posed by nectarivory.

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14 Genome-wide Association Studies of Disease Resilience Traits from a Natural Polymicrobial Disease Challenge in Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 7-7

Author(s):

Jian Cheng ◽

Rohan Fernando ◽

Hao Cheng ◽

Stephen D Kachman ◽

KyuSang Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Water Intake ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Association Studies ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Genome Wide

Abstract Infectious diseases cause tremendous financial loss in the pork industry, emphasizing the importance of disease resilience, which is the ability of an animal to maintain performance under disease. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resilience based on both univariate and bivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Data used were late nursery and finisher growth rates and clinical disease phenotypes, including medical treatment and mortality rates, subjective health scores, feed and water intake traits and carcass traits, collected on 50 batches of 60 or 75 crossbred (LRxY) barrows under a polymicrobial natural disease challenge. Multiple QTL were detected for all traits. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (22–25 Mb on chromosome 7) was found to be associated with multiple traits, including late nursery and finisher growth rates, average daily feed intake and intake rate, average daily water dispensed, water intake duration, and number of visits to the drinker. The MHC region explained ~13% of genetic variance for late nursery growth rate. Further fine mapping identified four QTL in the MHC region for late nursery growth rate that spanned the class I, II, and III regions. Gene set enrichment analyses found genomic regions associated with resilience phenotypes to be enriched for previously identified disease susceptibility and immune capacity QTL, for genes that were differentially expressed following bacterial or virus infection and immune response, and for gene ontology terms related to immune and inflammatory response. In conclusion, MHC and other QTL identified play an important role in host response to infectious diseases and can be incorporated in selection to improve disease resilience. Funded by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, USDA-NIFA, and PigGen Canada.

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