NATIONAL LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES & STANDARDS GOVERNING MICROBIOLOGY | Japan

2014 ◽  
pp. 911-914
Author(s):  
Y. Sugita-Konishi ◽  
S. Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
National Legislation

Identifying Business-to-Business Unfair Trading Practices in the Food Supply Chain: The case of Cyprus

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinos Markou ◽  
Andreas Stylianou ◽  
Marianthi Giannakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Adamides
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
State Level ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement

Unfair Trading Practices (UTPs) between businesses in the food supply chain have a significant impact on the various stakeholders involved, and on the environment. So far, no attempt has been made at the Member State level for the identification of UTPs in the food supply chain and their impact on the relevant stakeholders. This study drew on this gap and attempted to identify the UTPs that exist in the Cypriot food supply chain, assess their impact on the involved stakeholders and provide guidelines that will assist the transposition of EU relevant Directive to the national law. To achieve this goal, the study was based on a quantitative survey of a representative sample of businesses using a specific questionnaire. The results showed that particular UTPs do appear in the food supply chain with a different frequency, while the majority of businesses have been victims of UTPs in the last five years. Notably, the estimated cost of UTPs as a percentage of the business annual turnover is considered important ranging from 5.7% for retailers to 31.9% for farmers. Thus, most participants agree that UTPs in the agricultural food sector should be regulated by national legislation. We argue that the national legislation for UTPs should be a mix of policies that integrate private, administrative and judicial methods of monitoring and enforcement. Policy and decision makers should seek to reinforce the role and the bargaining power of small businesses in the food supply chain. This might be accomplished through the development of efficient producers’ organizations, short food supply chains, interbranch organizations and strategic partnerships.

Re-evaluating the Admiralty Jurisdiction of Nigeria's Federal High Court in the Age of Combined Transport Shipping

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Festus O Ukwueze ◽  
Herbert A Umezuruike ◽  
Dike J Ibegbulem
Keyword(s):  
High Court ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
English Law ◽  
High Seas

Abstract This article critically examines the admiralty jurisdiction of the Federal High Court of Nigeria in relation to claims arising from combined transport shipping. It questions the rationale for the continued circumscription of the court's admiralty jurisdiction to activities on navigable waters based on English law pedigree. It argues that, in the present era of containerization and combined transport shipping, it has become imperative to unshackle Nigerian courts from English antecedents that limit the admiralty jurisdiction of the court to activities on the high seas. The article identifies extant national legislation, a continental instrument and recent judicial authorities that provide the basis for expanding the Federal High Court's admiralty jurisdiction to accommodate the adjudication of claims derived from combined transport shipping beyond the locale of the high seas.

MEETING OF THE STATE CHAIRMEN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The State ◽  
Board Meeting ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
First Order ◽  
President Elect ◽  
Considerable Discussion

The meeting was called to order by Dr. Warren R. Sisson on Sunday, Nov. 13, 1949, at 1:45 p.m. Dr. Edward B. Shaw, President-Elect, presided during the rest of the session. The first order of business was the discussion of the report of the Committee on Reorganization. After a preliminary statement by Dr. Borden S. Veeder, explaining many of the details, the report was presented by Dr. James M. Baty. After considerable discussion of various points, the Chairmen voted to concur in the action taken by the Executive Board in approving this report, the report to be submitted to the members for mail vote. The next order of business was the question of State Chairmen. The following proposed amendment to the By-Laws was presented as coming from the Executive Board: "That each state be represented by one State Chairman; that State Chairman may designate as many Alternate State Chairmen to assist him as he finds desirable but only one would act as the representative for each state." The group from New York objected to this change and, after discussion, the matter was remanded to the Executive Board meeting in June for decision. Dr. Edgar E. Martmer read a letter from Dr. William Black and a proposition from Dr. John K. Glen. The State Chairmen voted that they were not in favor of Dr. Black's letter, but that they would approve of Dr. Glen's suggestion that the Committee on Legislation, where possible, communicate with the membership before taking final action on any national legislation.

HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE «TERRORISM» CONCEPT FORMATION UNDER THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
International Community ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Definition Of

В статье освещен вопрос, связанный с эволюцией понятия терроризма по законодательству России. Актуальность темы определяется, прежде всего, тем, что проявление терроризма представляет собой серьезную угрозу международной и внутренней безопасности каждого отдельного государства, всего международного сообщества в целом. В результате проведенного теоретического анализа отечественного законодательства об ответственности за совершение преступлений террористического характера автором выделено пять исторических этапов (периодов) его становления, представлена их характеристика. В заключение делается вывод о существовании на современном этапе проблемы выработки определения сложного и многогранного понятия «терроризм». Законодательная дефиниция «терроризм» должна быть принципиально полной, содержать характеризующие специфические признаки, соответствующие современным способам его проявлений. Полагаем, что современная дефиниция, изложенная в п. 1 ст. 3 Федерального закона «О противодействии терроризму», пока не идеальна и продолжает требовать к себе внимания со стороны исследователей и законодателя с целью корректировки терминологии. The issue related to the evolution of the concept of terrorism under Russian legislation is examined in the article The relevance of the topic is determined, first of all, by the fact that the manifestation of terrorism is a serious threat to the international and internal security of each individual state, the entire international community as a whole. As a result of the theoretical analysis of domestic legislation on responsibility for crimes of a terrorist nature, the author has identified five historical stages (periods) of its formation, and presented their characteristics. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the existence at the present stage of the problem of developing a definition of the complex and multifaceted concept of «terrorism». The definition of terrorism should be fundamentally complete, include characterizing specific features characteristic of modern ways of its manifestations. We believe that the modern definition set forth in paragraph 1 of Art. 3 of the Federal Law «On Countering Terrorism» is not ideal yet and continues to require attention from researchers and legislators in order to correct the terminology.

The Role Of Legal Personnel In Raising Legal Awareness In The Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Amirov Zafar Aktamovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Training

This article analyzes the data provided by local law educational institutions and the Chamber of Advocates of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign experience. Analysis showed critical lack of legal personnel in comparison with the people of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the lack of legal training a couple of times population. Concluding the research, proposals and recommendations to increase the number of lawyers in the country were given.

Types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Anatoliy M. Kolodiy ◽  
Olexiy A. Kolodiy
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
The People ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Law Making

The relevance of this problem is considered in the fact that in modern conditions of the state's process of developing a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, and legal state, the people's awareness of its place and role is one of vital aspects. The Ukrainian people's awareness of their rights and obligations, in this case law-making ones, will contribute to a real opportunity for the people to take part in the management of state affairs. Despite the fact that the problem of the powers of the Ukrainian people is extremely relevant at this stage of the Ukrainian history, it is understudied by Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, considering the above, this study is investigates such types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people as the rights to: people's initiative, and within its framework – people's legislative initiative and people's referendum initiative; people's veto; people's survey, including regarding regulations; people's examination of regulations and draft regulations. The purpose of the present study is to consider theoretical material concerning the state of possibility of using the above-mentioned types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people, as well as foreign practices in their implementation. The methodological framework of this study included an integrated approach, which involves a combination of numerous philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods. Based on the obtained conclusions and generalisations, the study aims to develop original proposals and recommendations for improving national legislation on this matter

Application of international norms on human rights as a complex general legal problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Lev A. Lazutin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Legal Norms

The article is devoted to the interaction of domestic and international legal norms on human rights and the application of the latter in national legislation. The author comes to the conclusion that there are a number of problems in the implementation of international legal norms on human rights in the Russian legal system.

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