Testing of High-Efficiency Coating Materials and Their Efficiency

Abstract Background Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile sampling and sample preparation technology that possess a significant application in the extraction and pre-concentration of a broad range of micro-pollutants from different kind of matrices. Selection and preparation of an appropriate fiber substrate and coating materials have always been the main challenges of the SPME procedure. This paper introduces a high-efficiency metal-based SPME fiber with a new chemical coating of nickel/graphene oxide/nickel tetraazamacrocyclic complex (Ni/GO/NiTAM). Result The Ni/GO/NiTAM sorbent was electroless deposited onto the surface of an aluchrom (Alu) wire, and then the prepared fiber was employed for the extraction and pre-concentration of some PAHs before their HPLC–UV analysis. The prepared fiber characterization data were assessed using FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and BET techniques. The method validation parameters, including the linearity range (LRs: 0.10 to 200.0 µg L−1), the limit of detection (LODs: 0.03‒0.30 µg L−1), and the limit of quantification (LOQs: 0.10–1.00 µg L−1), under optimal conditions. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day, inter-day, and single fiber repeatability (for the samples spiked at 25 µg L‒1) were in the range of 0.32–2.94, 1.20–4.09, and 1.42‒4.39%, respectively. In addition, the technique recoveries (RR %) and enrichment factors (EF) were in the range of 83.10‒107.80% and 83–164, respectively. Conclusion The fiber fabrication was simple, and the applied materials were also economical and easily accessible. Alu metal has high physicochemical and mechanical stability and thus can be a good alternative for the substrate of the fragile commercial SPME fibers. High rigidity and durability, long service life, and high extraction capability are some of the other advantages of the offered fiber.

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608 A study on the driven rotary cutting of the hardened steel : Investigation of high efficiency and selection of coating materials

The Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch ◽

10.1299/jsmehs.2016.53._608-1_ ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016.53 (0) ◽

pp. _608-1_-_608-4_

Author(s):

Noriyuki TAKASE ◽

Hideharu KATO ◽

Naohiko SUZUKI ◽

Kazuyuki KUBOTA

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Hardened Steel ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Rotary Cutting ◽

Selection Of

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Characterization and Mechanism of a New Superhydrophobic Deicing Coating Used for Road Pavement

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11111304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1304

Author(s):

Kaijian Huang ◽

Jiajia Liu ◽

Jiaqing Wang ◽

Xijun Shi

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Coating Material ◽

Octadecanoic Acid ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Water Contact ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Microstructure Observation ◽

Freezing Test

Owing to its high efficiency and low environmental impact, superhydrophobic deicing coating material has a bright future for application on road pavements. In this paper, a heterogeneous nucleation ice crystal growth model is proposed, with particular focus on the effect of surface roughness and the contact angle. The ice suppression mechanism of superhydrophobic materials is determined by this model and experimentally verified. The experimental results of the water contact angle and anti-skid tests illustrated that the prepared TiO2–octadecanoic acid coating material has a contact angle greater than 150° and good skid resistance. The freezing test confirms that the applied coating on the surface can effectively delay the crystallization of water droplets and maintain the waterdrop’s semi-spherical shape after freezing. The microstructure observation demonstrates the TiO2–octadecanoic acid material has a good micro-nano mastoid structure. Consequently, the proposed coating materials could possibly be utilized for effectively enhancing the deicing performance of pavements.

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Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Spectroscopy

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107365 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

E. Silver ◽

C. Hailey ◽

S. Labov ◽

N. Madden ◽

D. Landis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Low Noise ◽

High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽

Superconducting Transition ◽

Sapphire Substrates ◽

Laboratory Plasmas ◽

Adiabatic Demagnetization ◽

Theoretical Predictions

The merits of microcalorimetry below 1°K for high resolution spectroscopy has become widely recognized on theoretical grounds. By combining the high efficiency, broadband spectral sensitivity of traditional photoelectric detectors with the high resolution capabilities characteristic of dispersive spectrometers, the microcalorimeter could potentially revolutionize spectroscopic measurements of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. In actuality, however, the performance of prototype instruments has fallen short of theoretical predictions and practical detectors are still unavailable for use as laboratory and space-based instruments. These issues are currently being addressed by the new collaborative initiative between LLNL, LBL, U.C.I., U.C.B., and U.C.D.. Microcalorimeters of various types are being developed and tested at temperatures of 1.4, 0.3, and 0.1°K. These include monolithic devices made from NTD Germanium and composite configurations using sapphire substrates with temperature sensors fabricated from NTD Germanium, evaporative films of Germanium-Gold alloy, or material with superconducting transition edges. A new approache to low noise pulse counting electronics has been developed that allows the ultimate speed of the device to be determined solely by the detector thermal response and geometry. Our laboratory studies of the thermal and resistive properties of these and other candidate materials should enable us to characterize the pulse shape and subsequently predict the ultimate performance. We are building a compact adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for conveniently reaching 0.1°K in the laboratory and for use in future satellite-borne missions. A description of this instrument together with results from our most recent experiments will be presented.

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Imaging and diffraction modes in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144814 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 684-687

Author(s):

J. M. Cowley ◽

R. Glaisher ◽

J. A. Lin ◽

H.-J. Ou

Keyword(s):

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Detector System ◽

Detector Plane ◽

Secondary Electrons ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Special Detector

Some of the most important applications of STEM depend on the variety of imaging and diffraction made possible by the versatility of the detector system and the serial nature, of the image acquisition. A special detector system, previously described, has been added to our STEM instrument to allow us to take full advantage of this versatility. In this, the diffraction pattern in the detector plane may be formed on either of two phosphor screens, one with P47 (very fast) phosphor and the other with P20 (high efficiency) phosphor. The light from the phosphor is conveyed through a fiber-optic rod to an image intensifier and TV system and may be photographed, recorded on videotape, or stored digitally on a frame store. The P47 screen has a hole through it to allow electrons to enter a Gatan EELS spectrometer. Recently a modified SEM detector has been added so that high resolution (10Å) imaging with secondary electrons may be used in conjunction with other modes.

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Influence of MBE Growth Conditions on Dislocation Densities of GaAs/Ge Epilayers Grown on Silicon Substrates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100118692 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 364-365

Author(s):

K.M. Hones ◽

P. Sheldon ◽

B.G. Yacobi ◽

A. Mason

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Lattice Mismatch ◽

Low Cost ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Nonradiative Recombination ◽

Device Structure ◽

Si Substrates ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Dislocation Densities ◽

Dislocation Type

There is increasing interest in growing epitaxial GaAs on Si substrates. Such a device structure would allow low-cost substrates to be used for high-efficiency cascade- junction solar cells. However, high-defect densities may result from the large lattice mismatch (∼4%) between the GaAs epilayer and the silicon substrate. These defects can act as nonradiative recombination centers that can degrade the optical and electrical properties of the epitaxially grown GaAs. For this reason, it is important to optimize epilayer growth conditions in order to minimize resulting dislocation densities. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indication of the quality of the epitaxially grown GaAs layers by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine dislocation type and density as a function of various growth conditions. In this study an intermediate Ge layer was used to avoid nucleation difficulties observed for GaAs growth directly on Si substrates. GaAs/Ge epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si substrates in a manner similar to that described previously.

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The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172875 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 1028-1029

Author(s):

P. G. Kotula ◽

D. D. Erickson ◽

C. B. Carter

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

High Resolution ◽

Phase Transformations ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Solid State Reactions ◽

Critical Dimensions ◽

Backscattered Electrons ◽

Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

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Interlayer confinement synthesis of Ir nanodots/dual carbon as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta09358k ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaru Li ◽

Yu-Quan Zhu ◽

Weili Xin ◽

Song Hong ◽

Xiaoying Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Splitting ◽

Noble Metal ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Overall Water Splitting ◽

Highly Dispersed

Rationally designing low-content and high-efficiency noble metal nanodots offers opportunities to enhance electrocatalytic performances for water splitting. However, the preparation of highly dispersed nanodots electrocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, we...

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