A new method of power efficient speech transmission over 5G networks using new signaling techniques

Traditional methods for predicting the intelligibility of speech in the presence of noise inside a vehicle, such as the Articulation Index (AI), the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), and the Speech Transmission Index (STI), are not accurate, probably because they do not take binaural listening into account; the signals reaching the two ears can differ markedly depending on the positions of the talker and listener. We propose a new method for predicting the intelligibility of speech in a vehicle, based on the ratio of the binaural loudness of the speech to the binaural loudness of the noise, each calculated using the method specified in ISO 532-2 (2017). The method was found to give accurate predictions of the speech reception threshold (SRT) measured under a variety of conditions and for different positions of the talker and listener in a car. The typical error in the predicted SRT was 1.3 dB, which is markedly smaller than estimated using the SII and STI (2.0 dB and 2.1 dB, respectively).

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Zeroize: A New Method to Improve the Utilization of 5G Networks When Running VoIP over IPv6

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi4040072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Manjur Kolhar

Keyword(s):

Internet Protocol ◽

New Method ◽

Voice Over Internet Protocol ◽

5G Networks ◽

Telecommunication Sector ◽

The Core ◽

Packet Header ◽

Ipv6 Protocol ◽

A New Technique ◽

Voice Data

5G technology is spreading extremely quickly. Many services, including Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP), have utilized the features of 5G technology to improve their performance. VoIP service is gradually ruling the telecommunication sector due to its various advantages (e.g., free calls). However, VoIP service wastes a substantial share of the VoIP 5G network’s bandwidth due to its lengthy packet header. For instance, the share of the packet header from bandwidth and channel time reaches 85.7% of VoIP 5G networks when using the IPv6 protocol. VoIP designers are exerting considerable efforts to solve this issue. This paper contributes to these efforts by designing a new technique named Zeroize (zero sizes). The core of the Zeroize technique is based on utilizing the unnecessary fields of the IPv6 protocol header to keep the packet payload (voice data), thereby reducing or “zeroizing” the payload of the VoIP packet. The Zeroize technique substantially reduces the expanded bandwidth of VoIP 5G networks, which is reflected in the wasted channel time. The results show that the Zeroize technique reduces the wasted bandwidth by 20% with the G.723.1 codec. Therefore, this technique successfully reduces the bandwidth and channel time of VoIP 5G networks when using the IPv6 protocol.

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A new method of speech transmission over space time block coded co-operative MIMO–OFDM networks using time and space diversity

International Journal of Speech Technology ◽

10.1007/s10772-017-9486-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 65-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Javaid A. Sheikh ◽

Sakeena Akhtar ◽

Shabir A. Parah ◽

G. M. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Space Time ◽

New Method ◽

Space Diversity ◽

Time Block ◽

Time And Space ◽

Speech Transmission ◽

Mimo Ofdm

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Zeroize: A New Method to Improve Utilizing 5G Networks when Running VoIP over IPv6

10.20944/preprints202108.0127.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manjur Kolhar

Keyword(s):

Main Idea ◽

Voice Over Ip ◽

New Method ◽

5G Networks ◽

Packet Header ◽

Promising Solution ◽

Ipv6 Protocol ◽

Ipv6 Networks ◽

Voice Data ◽

Near Future

5G technology propagation curve is ascending rapidly. 5G will open up the horizon to improve the performance of many other IP-based services such as voice over IP (VoIP). VoIP is a worldwide technology that is expected to rule the telecommunication world in the near future. However, VoIP has expended a significant part of the 5G technology bandwidth with no valuable use owing to its lengthy packet header. This issue even worsens when VoIP works in IPv6 networks, where the wasted bandwidth and airtime may reach 85.7% of 5G networks. VoIP developers have exerted many efforts to tackle this snag. This study adds to these efforts by proposing a new method called Zeroize (zero sizes). The main idea of the Zeroize method is to use superfluous fields of the IPv6 protocol header to carry the digital voice data of the packet and, thus, reduce or zeroize the VoIP packet payload. Although simple, the Zeroize method achieves a considerable reduction of the wasted bandwidth of 5G networks, which also directly affects the consumed airtime. The performance analysis of the Zeroize method shows that the consumed bandwidth is saved by 20% with the G.723.1 codec. Thus, the Zeroize method is a promising solution to reduce the wasted bandwidth and airtime of 5G networks when running VoIP over IPv6.

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Time Series Irradiance Synthesizer for Optical GEO Satellite Downlinks in 5G Networks

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi11060131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theodore T. Kapsis ◽

Nikolaos K. Lyras ◽

Charilaos I. Kourogiorgas ◽

Athanasios D. Panagopoulos

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Satellite Communications ◽

Communication Link ◽

5G Networks ◽

Power Efficient ◽

Second Order Statistics ◽

Received Power ◽

Geo Satellite

Next generation 5G networks generate a need for broadband, low latency and power efficient backhauling and data-relay services. In this paper, optical satellite communications links, as an integrated component of 5G networks, are studied. More specifically, the Geostationary (GEO) satellite-to-ground optical communication link is investigated. Long-term irradiance statistics based on experimental measurements from the ARTEMIS program are presented and a new time series generator related to the received irradiance/power fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence is reported. The proposed synthesizer takes into consideration the turbulence-induced scintillation effects that deteriorate the laser beam propagation, on the assumption of the Kolmogorov spectrum. The modeling is based on Rytov theory regarding weak turbulence conditions with the incorporation of first order stochastic differential equations. Summing up, the time series synthesizer is validated in terms of first and second order statistics with experimental results from the European Space Agency‘s ARTEMIS experimental optical downlink and simulated received power statistics for various weather conditions are presented using the proposed validated methodology. Some important conclusions are drawn.

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A METHOD FOR ELIMINATING LOOPS IN A CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORK

Электросвязь ◽

10.34832/elsv.2021.21.8.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

М.В. ЛОБАСТОВА ◽

А.Ю. МАТЮХИН ◽

А.Е. КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ

Keyword(s):

Clock Synchronization ◽

New Method ◽

Mathematical Apparatus ◽

5G Networks ◽

Network Synchronization ◽

Clock Network ◽

Theory Of Graphs

Рассмотрены вопросы организации тактовой сетевой синхронизации (ТСС) в сетях пятого поколения. Предложен новый метод обнаружения и устранения петель в сети ТСС на основе определения компонент связности графа и анализа матрицы циклов графа сети синхронизации, оценена эффективность его использования. Основным математическим аппаратом, используемым для описания предложенного метода, является теория графов и матриц. The article discusses the issues of the organization of clock network synchronization in 5G networks. A new method of detecting and eliminating loops in a synchronization network basedondeterminingthecomponentsofthegraphconnectivity and analyzing the graph cycle matrix of a synchronization network is proposed, and the efficiency of its utilization is estimated. The main mathematical apparatus used to describe the proposed method is the theory of graphs and matrices.

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Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100238 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 98-99

Author(s):

C. C. Clawson ◽

L. W. Anderson ◽

R. A. Good

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

New Method ◽

Microscope Examination ◽

Small Areas ◽

Selective Sampling ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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