Intelligent Approach to Network Device Migration Planning towards Software-Defined IPv6 Networks

Internet and telecom service providers worldwide are facing financial sustainability issues in migrating their existing legacy IPv4 networking system due to backward compatibility issues with the latest generation networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and software-defined networking (SDN). Bench marking of existing networking devices is required to identify their status whether the existing running devices are upgradable or need replacement to make them operable with SDN and IPv6 networking so that internet and telecom service providers can properly plan their network migration to optimize capital and operational expenditures for future sustainability. In this paper, we implement “adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)”, a well-known intelligent approach for network device status identification to classify whether a network device is upgradable or requires replacement. Similarly, we establish a knowledge base (KB) system to store the information of device internetwork operating system (IoS)/firmware version, its SDN, and IPv6 support with end-of-life and end-of-support. For input to ANFIS, device performance metrics such as average CPU utilization, throughput, and memory capacity are retrieved and mapped with data from KB. We run the experiment with other well-known classification methods, for example, support vector machine (SVM), fine tree, and liner regression to compare performance results with ANFIS. The comparative results show that the ANFIS-based classification approach is more accurate and optimal than other methods. For service providers with a large number of network devices, this approach assists them to properly classify the device and make a decision for the smooth transitioning to SDN-enabled IPv6 networks.

Performance Comparison of OSPFV3 and EIGRP with IPv6 Network

A collection of interconnected devices that deal with communication protocols that are common to share resources provided by nodes of a network over digital interconnections is a computer network. The process of determining the most efficient route from a source to a given target is called routing. Cisco's Enriched Internal Routing Gateway Protocol for IPv6 and the IETF's OSPFv3 (First Version 3 of Open Shortest Path) are two of the most frequently studied IPv6 routing protocols among researchers (EIGRPv6). As a result of the popularity of EIGRPv6 and OSPFv3, it is necessary to undertake a thorough contrast of the two protocols once working inside a minor enterprise network on IPv6. Thus, the study analysed the performance comparison of OSPFV3 and EIGRP with IPv6 networks with regards to convergence time, end-to-end delay, and packet loss. Packet Tracer 6.2.2 was used to compare the performance of routing protocols of different kinds. In the simulation, Cisco routers, switches, and generic computers were employed in the test. In these topologies, standard IPv6 addresses have been used. The findings of the study revealed that EIGRPv6 outperforms OSPFv3. As a result, we advocate using EIGRPv6 as an internal routing protocol in a network of IPv6.

Smurf as Spoof Type Attacking Activity on Network and Neutralization

Reliable and timely detection of cyberattacks is becoming indispensable for securing networks and systems. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood attacks continue to be one of the most serious threats in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. There are various types of cybersecurity attacks based on ICMP protocols. Many ICMP protocols are very similar, so security managers might think they might have the same impact on the victim’s computer systems or servers.

An Efficient Method to Enhance IP Telephony Performance in IPV6 Networks

IP telephony have played an essential role during the COVID 19 pandemic lockdown. One of the issues that lower the service level of the IP telephony solutions is the inefficient bandwidth exploitation. This paper proposes a Smallerize/Zeroize (SmlZr) method to enhance bandwidth exploitation. The SmlZr method is explicitly designed for the P2P IP telephony calls over IPv6 networks. The essence concept of the proposed method is to use the unnecessary fields in the header to keep the voice media of the packet. Doing so leads to smallerize or zeroize the packet payload and, thus, enhance the bandwidth exploitation. The SmlZr method has outperformed the RTP method for all the comparison parameters. For instance, the SmlZr method shrinks the bandwidth by 25% compared to the RTP protocol. Bandwidth saving is helpful for P2P IP telephony calls because it alleviates the traffic load. Thus, improve the call capacity boosts the call clarity.

Zeroize: A New Method to Improve Utilizing 5G Networks when Running VoIP over IPv6

5G technology propagation curve is ascending rapidly. 5G will open up the horizon to improve the performance of many other IP-based services such as voice over IP (VoIP). VoIP is a worldwide technology that is expected to rule the telecommunication world in the near future. However, VoIP has expended a significant part of the 5G technology bandwidth with no valuable use owing to its lengthy packet header. This issue even worsens when VoIP works in IPv6 networks, where the wasted bandwidth and airtime may reach 85.7% of 5G networks. VoIP developers have exerted many efforts to tackle this snag. This study adds to these efforts by proposing a new method called Zeroize (zero sizes). The main idea of the Zeroize method is to use superfluous fields of the IPv6 protocol header to carry the digital voice data of the packet and, thus, reduce or zeroize the VoIP packet payload. Although simple, the Zeroize method achieves a considerable reduction of the wasted bandwidth of 5G networks, which also directly affects the consumed airtime. The performance analysis of the Zeroize method shows that the consumed bandwidth is saved by 20% with the G.723.1 codec. Thus, the Zeroize method is a promising solution to reduce the wasted bandwidth and airtime of 5G networks when running VoIP over IPv6.

Empirical Analysis of IPv4 and IPv6 Networks through Dual-Stack Sites

IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), which can solve the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion and allow the growth of the Internet (particularly in the era of the Internet of Things). IPv6 networks have been deployed for more than a decade, and the deployment is still growing every year. This empirical study was conducted from the perspective of end users to evaluate IPv6 and IPv4 performance by sending probing traffic to 1792 dual-stack sites around the world. Connectivity, packet loss, hop count, round-trip time (RTT), and throughput were used as performance metrics. The results show that, compared with IPv4, IPv6 has better connectivity, lower packet loss, and similar hop count. However, compared with IPv4, it has higher latency and lower throughput. We compared our results with previous studies conducted in 2004, 2007, and 2014 to investigate the improvement of IPv6 networks. The results of the past 16 years have shown that the connectivity of IPv6 has increased by 1–4%, and the IPv6 RTT (194.85 ms) has been greatly reduced, but it is still longer than IPv4 (163.72 ms). The throughput of IPv6 is still lower than that of IPv4.