Antioxidant status in pesticides-exposed agricultural workers

Toxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Ebtesam A. Abdel-Shafy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Agricultural Workers

Assessment of Anticholinesterase Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Carbamate and Organophosphorus PesticidesExposed Agricultural Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda M Noshy ◽  
Amal Saad-Hussein ◽  
Eman M. Shahy ◽  
Haidan M. El-Shorbagy ◽  
Mona M. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Pesticides Exposure

Among the numerous pesticides, anticholinesterase compounds are widely used. Their toxicity induced by cholinesterase inhibition at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to neurological disorders. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has been used as sensitive biomarkers for pesticides exposure. In the present study, AChE and BuChE levels were estimated in agricultural workers exposed to carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides with average 9.8±3.5 years relative to the controls. The toxic effects of pesticides may be attributed to induction of oxidative stress and alteration in antioxidant system. Our results showed significant decrease in AChE and BuChE levels with inhibition percentage of 39% and 61% respectively, in exposed workers than controls. Additionally, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. Concerning antioxidant status, there was significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while there were significant increases in activity of glutathione dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transeferase (GST). On the other hands, there were significant decreases in enzymatic antioxidants, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. A negative correlation was found between BuChE activity and MDA levels. So, it was concluded that evaluation of BuChE inhibition may be sensitive tool for assessing the risk of oxidative stress induced after occupational pesticides exposure.

Association between calcitriol and paricalcitol with oxidative stress in patients with hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hasan Haci Yeter ◽  
Berfu Korucu ◽  
Elif Burcu Bali ◽  
Ulver Derici
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Oxidant Status ◽  
Vitamin D Analog ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract. Background: The pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease and its complications, including cardiovascular disease, are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) and synthetic vitamin D analog (paricalcitol) on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was composed of 83 patients with a minimum hemodialysis vintage of one year. Patients with a history of any infection, malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disease were excluded. Oxidative markers (total oxidant and antioxidant status) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were analyzed. Results: A total of 47% (39/83) patients were using active or analog vitamin D. Total antioxidant status was significantly higher in patients with using active or analog vitamin D than those who did not use (p = 0.006). Whereas, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in patients with not using vitamin D when compared with the patients who were using vitamin D preparation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). On the other hand, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were similar between patients who used active vitamin D or vitamin D analog (p = 0.6; p = 0.4 and p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusion: The use of active or selective vitamin D analog in these patients decreases total oxidant status and increases total antioxidant status. Also, paricalcitol is as effective as calcitriol in decreasing total oxidant status and increasing total antioxidant status in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Pro-oxidant effects of a high α-tocopherol dose on kidney antioxidant biomarkers and histopathological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Amel Kanane ◽  
Fayrouz Rouaki ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽  
Abdenour Laraba ◽  
Hayet Mesbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Oxidant Effect ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol supplementation at two doses (600 and 1200 mg × kg–1) on kidney antioxidant status and the histopathological changes in Wistar rats after 12 weeks of exposure at different diets. Forty rats has been divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each, the control group received basal diet with 5 % fresh sunflower oil (FSO), the second group: 5 % oxidized sunflower oil (OSO), the third group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol and the fourth group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol. In OSO groups, the results showed highly significant increases of LPO (from 31.3 ± 0.9 to 53.8 ± 1.2 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein, p < 0.0001) with a significant decrease (p < = 0.001) of the antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, GPX, GR and G6PDH), body weight (339 ± 9 to 290 ± 3 g) and α-tocopherol levels (13.6 ± 0.6 to 6.5 ± 0.4 μg/mg protein). In OSO groups with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, an antioxidant effect was found, reflected by a return of the parameters to values similar to those of the control group. However, higher doses of α-tocopherol (1200 mg × kg–1) induced a depletion of antioxidant status, α-tocopherol levels (6.0 ± 0.3 μg/mg protein, p < 0.001) and a very highly significant rise (p < 0.0001) of LPO content (54.86 ± 0.01 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein). The kidney tissues also showed changes in glomerular, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, and formation of novel vessels. So, we can conclude that the oxidative stress is attenuated by a moderate administration of 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, while a pro-oxidant effect occurs at 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol.

Worker Protection Standard: Owner and Immediate Family Exemption

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
Tatiana Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regulation designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides).There are certain exemptions in the WPS rule that have been revised pertaining to agricultural establishment owners and their immediate family members. This fact sheet explains these new provisions.

Worker Protection Standard: Information at a Central Location

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
Tatiana Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Central Location ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
General Guidance

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regulation designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides). It has been in full implementation since 1995. This document provides general guidance to help you comply with the requirements of the Federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides, 40 CFR part 170, as amended in 2015. This document addresses specific information that agricultural establishments must display at a central location for their employees.

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