Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 631-660
Author(s):  
Ramfis Nieto-Martinez ◽  
Carlos Carrera-Boada ◽  
Emiliano Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor

Correlation of Waist to Calf Circumference Ratio and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish A Rao ◽  
Prakash Harischandra ◽  
Srikanth Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, because of the accelerated process of atherosclerosis. Obesity is an established risk factor and has gained immense importance in recent studies as an important risk factor for clinical cardiovascular disease, yet the fundamental component stays unclear. Calf circumference is another form for lean mass and peripheral subcutaneous fat and is inversely associated with occurrence of carotid plaques (CP). Multiplicative and opposite effects of both Calf Circumference (CC) and Waist Circumference (WC) in event of CP suggest that the two measures should be taken into account commonly while assessing vascular risk profile. Aim & Objective: To ascertain if waist to calf circumference ratio (WCR) is a marker of Carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To asses s the correlation between waist to calf circumference ratio and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT ) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study at Hospital affiliated to Kasturba Medical college Mangalore from Sept 2016 to Sept 2018 . Method of study: Patients with type 2 DM as per ADA criteria, age >18years are recruited for the study. Results and discussion: In our study with 150 population 25 patients had carotid atherosclerosis and 20 patients had CIMT>1.1. The waist circumference in patients with CA is in the range of 93.07 and 99.85 & the CC in patients with CA is in the range of 29.49 to 31.25. The WCR in patients with CA is in the range of 3.12 to 3.26. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.05. In our study it was found that WC and WCR correlated well with carotid atherosclerosis, and surprisingly calf circumference also correlated with carotid atherosclerosis but not as significant as both WC and WCR. Conclusion: To conclude, in our population based study of 150 subjects we found that carotid atherosclerosis is significantly more in people with increased waist calf circumference ratio. WCR may be a new, useful and practical anthropometric index that facilitates the early identification of diabetic subjects with high risk for cardiovascular disease. Validation of this finding in individual populations is required. Future studies should test the association of calf circumference with carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaques using better measures than ultrasound such as magnetic resonance imaging. Further research focusing on underlying mechanisms in the role of lean mass and peripheral fat mass is required.

Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Cancer: Stress or Viral Etiology?

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Cebioglu ◽  
Hans Schild ◽  
Olga Golubnitschaja
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Cancer Stress

Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of diabetes mellitus among the Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Muhammad H Mujammami ◽  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim AlJabri ◽  
Ahmad Alhumaidi Alanazi ◽  
Sultan Sayyaf Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: High prevalence of undiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the last two decades, most patients with DM only become aware of their condition once they develop a complication. Limited data are available regarding the knowledge and awareness about DM and the associated risk factors, complications and management in Saudi society. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge of DM in general Saudi society and among Saudi healthcare workers. Results: Only 37.3% of the participants were aware of the current DM prevalence. Obesity was the most frequently identified risk factor for DM. Most comparisons indicated better awareness among health workers. Conclusion: A significant lack of knowledge about DM in Saudi society was identified. Social media and educational curriculum can improve knowledge and awareness of DM.

Prevalence and prognostic impact of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J Jernberg ◽  
E.O Omerovic ◽  
E.H Hamilton ◽  
K.L Lindmark ◽  
L.D Desta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk

Abstract Background Left ventricular dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with poor outcome. The PARADISE-MI trial is examining whether an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (HF) in this population. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and prognosis of different subsets of post-MI patients in a real-world setting. Additionally, the prognostic importance of some common risk factors used as risk enrichment criteria in the PARADISE-MI trial were specifically examined. Methods In a nationwide myocardial infarction registry (SWEDEHEART), including 87 177 patients with type 1 MI between 2011–2018, 3 subsets of patients were identified in the overall MI cohort (where patients with previous HF were excluded); population 1 (n=27 568 (32%)) with signs of acute HF or an ejection fraction (EF) &lt;50%, population 2 (n=13 038 (15%)) with signs of acute HF or an EF &lt;40%, and population 3 (PARADISE-MI like) (n=11 175 (13%)) with signs of acute HF or an EF &lt;40% and at least one risk factor (Age ≥70, eGFR &lt;60, diabetes mellitus, prior MI, atrial fibrillation, EF &lt;30%, Killip III-IV and STEMI without reperfusion therapy). Results When all MIs, population 1 (HF or EF &lt;50%), 2 (HF or EF &lt;40%) and 3 (HF or EF &lt;40% + additional risk factor (PARADISE-MI like)) were compared, the median (IQR) age increased from 70 (61–79) to 77 (70–84). Also, the proportion of diabetes (22% to 33%), STEMI (38% to 50%), atrial fibrillation (10% to 24%) and Killip-class &gt;2 (1% to 7%) increased. After 3 years of follow-up, the cumulative probability of death or readmission because of heart failure in the overall MI population and in population 1 to 3 was 17.4%, 26.9%, 37.6% and 41.8%, respectively. In population 2, all risk factors were independently associated with death or readmission because of HF (Age ≥70 (HR (95% CI): 1.80 (1.66–1.95)), eGFR &lt;60 (1.62 (1.52–1.74)), diabetes mellitus (1.35 (1.26–1.44)), prior MI (1.16 (1.07–1.25)), atrial fibrillation (1.35 (1.26–1.45)), EF &lt;30% (1.69 (1.58–1.81)), Killip III-IV (1.34 (1.19–1.51)) and STEMI without reperfusion therapy (1.34 (1.21–1.48))) in a multivariable Cox regression analysis. The risk increased with increasing number of risk factors (Figure 1). Conclusion Depending on definition, post MI HF is present in 13–32% of all MI patients and is associated with a high risk of subsequent death or readmission because of HF. The risk increases significantly with every additional risk factor. There is a need to optimize management and improve outcomes for this high risk population. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Novartis

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor of Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Adults

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska ◽  
Piotr Macek ◽  
Helena Martynowicz ◽  
Pawel Gac ◽  
Grzegorz Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the relationship between prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insulin resistance among patients with increased risk of OSA without diabetes mellitus. Method and materials: our study group involved 102 individuals with suspected OSA, mean age 53.02 ± 12.37 years. Data on medical history, medication usage, sleep habits, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, were obtained using questionnaires. All patients underwent standardized full night polysomnography. Serum fasting insulin and glucose concentration were analyzed, the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. Results: polysomnographic study indicated that in the group with OSA mean values of apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), duration of SpO2 < 90% and average desaturation drop were significantly higher compared to the group without OSA, while the minimum SpO2 was significantly lower. The carbohydrate metabolism parameters did not differ within those groups. Significantly higher fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR index were found in the group with AHI ≥ 15 compared to the group with AHI < 15 and in the group with AHI ≥ 30 compared to the group with AHI < 30. Higher AHI and ODI were independent risk factors for higher fasting insulin concentration and higher HOMA-IR index. Increased duration of SpO2 < 90% was an independent risk factor for higher fasting glucose concentration. Conclusions: Individuals with moderate to severe OSA without diabetes mellitus had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance.

Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia and associated mortality

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Z. Vardakas ◽  
I. I. Siempos ◽  
M. E. Falagas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia

History of myocardial iron loading is a strong risk factor for diabetes mellitus and hypogonadism in adults with β thalassemia major

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Leen Ang ◽  
Ploutarchos Tzoulis ◽  
Emma Prescott ◽  
Bernard A. Davis ◽  
Maria Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Myocardial Iron ◽  
Strong Risk Factor ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ATTAINMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR GOALS AMONG INSURED ADULTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. A142.E1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Goyal ◽  
Tracy N. Thomas ◽  
Joshua Barzilay ◽  
Robert L. Davis ◽  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor
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