Zebrafish: A novel model organism to assess probiotics influence on growth and development

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Devarapogu Rajakumari ◽  
Buddolla Viswanath ◽  
Asupatri Usha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Novel Model

scholarly journals An Inactivation Switch Enables Rhythms in a Neurospora Clock Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Michael Brunner ◽  
Hanspeter Herzel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
White Collar Complex ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Novel Model

Autonomous endogenous time-keeping is ubiquitous across many living organisms, known as the circadian clock when it has a period of about 24 h. Interestingly, the fundamental design principle with a network of interconnected negative and positive feedback loops is conserved through evolution, although the molecular components differ. Filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a well-established chrono-genetics model organism to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The core negative feedback loop of the clock of Neurospora is composed of the transcription activator White Collar Complex (WCC) (heterodimer of WC1 and WC2) and the inhibitory element called FFC complex, which is made of FRQ (Frequency protein), FRH (Frequency interacting RNA Helicase) and CK1a (Casein kinase 1a). While exploring their temporal dynamics, we investigate how limit cycle oscillations arise and how molecular switches support self-sustained rhythms. We develop a mathematical model of 10 variables with 26 parameters to understand the interactions and feedback among WC1 and FFC elements in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We performed control and bifurcation analysis to show that our novel model produces robust oscillations with a wild-type period of 22.5 h. Our model reveals a switch between WC1-induced transcription and FFC-assisted inactivation of WC1. Using the new model, we also study the possible mechanisms of glucose compensation. A fairly simple model with just three nonlinearities helps to elucidate clock dynamics, revealing a mechanism of rhythms’ production. The model can further be utilized to study entrainment and temperature compensation.

scholarly journals Precocious Metamorphosis of Silkworm Larvae Infected by BmNPV in the Latter Half of the Fifth Instar

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Zhen Xu ◽  
Mei-Rong Zhang ◽  
Xue-Yang Wang ◽  
Yang-Chun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Silkworm Larvae ◽  
Prothoracic Glands ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm

The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a model organism, and BmNPV is a typical baculovirus. Together, these organisms form a useful model to investigate host–baculovirus interactions. Prothoracic glands (PGs) are also model organs, used to investigate the regulatory effect of synthetic ecdysone on insect growth and development. In this study, day-4 fifth instar silkworm larvae were infected with BmNPV. Wandering silkworms appeared in the infected groups 12 h earlier than in the control groups, and the ecdysone titer in infected larvae was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze silkworm PGs 48 h after BmNPV infection. We identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were classified as mainly being involved in metabolic processes and pathways. All 15 DEGs were expressed in the PGs, of which Novel01674, BmJing, and BmAryl were specifically expressed in the PGs. The transcripts of BmNGDN, BmTrypsin-1, BmACSS3, and BmJing were significantly increased, and BmPyd3, BmTitin, BmIGc2, Novel01674, and BmAryl were significantly decreased from 24 to 72 h in the PGs after BmNPV infection. The changes in the transcription of these nine genes were generally consistent with the transcriptome data. The upregulation of BmTrypsin-1 and BmACSS3 indicate that these DEGs may be involved in the maturation process in the latter half of the fifth instar of silkworm larvae. These findings further our understanding of silkworm larval development, the interaction between BmNPV infection and the host developmental response, and host–baculovirus interactions in general.

scholarly journals REAL-TIME ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSIES IN A NOVEL MODEL ORGANISM

CHEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. A2029-A2030
Author(s):  
Niral Patel ◽  
Kristen Weishaar ◽  
Deanna Worley ◽  
Noah Webster ◽  
Ali Musani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Novel Model

scholarly journals Bitkilerde Vernalizasyon Olgusunun Altında Yatan Doğal Bir Sezgi: Epigenetik

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Behcet İnal ◽  
Serdar Altıntaş
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Floral Repressor

Plants have developed a number of monitoring systems to sense changes occurring in the environment and to coordinate their growth and development accordingly. Some plant groups have cold exposure requirement for a certain period to induce flowering. That process known as vernalization is case in point for mentioned systems. In many plants group, vernalization results in repression of floral repressor genes inhibiting floral transition. In this review, last epigenetic developments about vernalization mediated floral transition in Arabidopsis regarded as model organism for plants and other flowering plants will be discussed. Furthermore, similarity and differences in regulatory cycles in Arabidopsis and other flowering plants, changes in histone modifications at floral repressor loci and other epigenetic systems effective in vernalization will be discussed. To sum up, profound investigation of epigenetic mechanism behind the vernalization process plays an important role to decrease flowering-dependent yield losses.

scholarly journals An inactivation switch enables rhythms in aNeurosporaclock model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Michael Brunner ◽  
Hanspeter Herzel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
White Collar Complex ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Novel Model

AbstractAn autonomous endogenous time-keeping is ubiquitous across many living organisms known as circadian clock when it has a period of about 24 hours. Interestingly, the fundamental design principle with a network of interconnected negative and positive feedback loops is conserved through evolution, although the molecular components differ. Filamentous fungusNeurospora crassais a well established chrono-genetics model organism to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The core negative feedback loop of the clock ofNeurosporais composed of the transcription activator White Collar Complex (WCC) (heterodimer of WC1 and WC2) and the inhibitory element called FFC complex which is made of FRQ (Frequency protein), FRH (Frequency interacting RNA Helicase) and CK1a (Casein kinase 1a). While exploring their temporal dynamics we investigate how limit cycle oscillations arise and how molecular switches support self-sustained rhythms. We develop a mathematical model of 10 variables with 26 parameters to understand the interactions and feedbacks among WC1 and FFC elements in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We performed control and bifurcation analysis to show that our novel model produces robust oscillations with a wild-type period of 22.5 hrs. Our model reveals a switch between WC1 induced transcription and FFC assisted inactivation of WC1. Using the new model we also study possible mechanisms of glucose compensation. A fairly simple model with just 3 non-linearities helps to elucidate clock dynamics revealing a mechanism of rhythms production. The model can further be utilized to study entrainment and temperature compensation.

scholarly journals An Inactivation Switch Enables Rhythms in a Neurospora Clock Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Michael Brunner ◽  
Hanspeter Herzel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
White Collar Complex ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Novel Model

An autonomous endogenous time-keeping is ubiquitous across many living organisms known as circadian clock when it has a period of about 24 hours. Interestingly, the fundamental design principle with a network of interconnected negative and positive feedback loops is conserved through evolution, although the molecular components differ. Filamentous fungus \textit{Neurospora crassa} is a well established chrono-genetics model organism to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The core negative feedback loop of the clock of \textit{Neurospora} is composed of the transcription activator White Collar Complex (WCC) (heterodimer of WC1 and WC2) and the inhibitory element called FFC complex which is made of FRQ (Frequency protein), FRH (Frequency interacting RNA Helicase) and CK1a (Casein kinase 1a). While exploring their temporal dynamics we investigate how limit cycle oscillations arise and how molecular switches support self-sustained rhythms. We develop a mathematical model of 10 variables with 26 parameters to understand the interactions and feedbacks among WC1 and FFC elements in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We performed control and bifurcation analysis to show that our novel model produces robust oscillations with a wild-type period of 22.5 hrs. Our model reveals a switch between WC1 induced transcription and FFC assisted inactivation of WC1. Using the new model we also study possible mechanisms of glucose compensation. A fairly simple model with just 3 non-linearities helps to elucidate clock dynamics revealing a mechanism of rhythms production. The model can further be utilized to study entrainment and temperature compensation.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

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