Flavonoids as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Perspectives in the Development of Pharmaceutical Forms

2012 ◽  
pp. 297-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldiceu A. Verri ◽  
Fabiana T.M.C. Vicentini ◽  
Marcela M. Baracat ◽  
Sandra R. Georgetti ◽  
Renato D.R. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Potential mechanisms of action of convalescent plasma in COVID-19

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Claudia Glingani ◽  
Giancarlo Maria Liumbruno
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Hypercoagulable State ◽  
Human History ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic will be remembered as one of the worst catastrophic events in human history. Unfortunately, no universally recognized effective therapeutic agents are currently available for the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, the use of convalescent plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients has gained increasing interest thanks to the initially positive clinical reports. A number of mechanisms of action have been proposed for convalescent plasma, including direct neutralization and suppression of viremia, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects and mitigation of the COVID-19-associated hypercoagulable state. These immune and non-immune mechanisms will be critically discussed in this narrative review.

scholarly journals Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and risk of cardiovascular events. Literature review and clinical implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Luigi Temporelli ◽  
Giovanni Battista Zito ◽  
Roberto Franco Pedretti ◽  
Francesco Iachini Belisarii ◽  
Giuseppe Putortì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Drug Agency ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Artery Disease

Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are largely used for treatment of acute and chronic pain, even for long periods of time (months or years). While it is known that their use is frequently associated with gastrointestinal damage, including major bleedings from peptic ulcer, the risk of cardiovascular events related to NSAID has received much less attention. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that NSAIDs (both “traditional”, such as diclofenac or indobufen, and selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, COX-2) are associated with a significant increase of risk of cardiovascular events, both fatal and nonfatal. Consequently, several options have been proposed for the treatment of pain, including the use of analgesic drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as the opiates. Of interest, the Italian Drug Agency (AIFA) published a few years ago a warning (Nota 66) on the careful prescription of NSAIDs in patients with overt heart disease, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Aim of this paper is to present the current status of knowledge on the proper use of NSAIDs and other analgesic drugs in the management of acute and chronic pain.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) Stem Bark Suppresses Ethanol/Indomethacin-Induced Chronic Gastric Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mba Matah Marte ◽  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
Albert Donatien Atsamo ◽  
Carine Flore Adjouzem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant from the Cameroon pharmacopoeia very widely used in the treatment of many pathologies among which are gastrointestinal disorders. The main purpose of this study was to assess the healing properties of gastric ulcer from the methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus and its mechanisms of action. The healing properties of gastric ulcers (chronic ulcer model induced by ethanol and indomethacin) were evaluated in vivo in adult male rats, while the mechanisms of action were evaluated in vitro by anti-inflammatory assay (protein denaturation, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase assays) and immunomodulatory assay (ROS production (using technical chemiluminescence), cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) production (using ELISA), proliferation of T cells (using liquid scintillation counter), and cytotoxicity (using MTT assay)). The methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus inhibited protein denaturation (75.63%) and the activities of cyclooxygenase (78.92%) and 5-lipoxygenase (81.54%). The extract also significantly ( p < 0.001 ) inhibited intracellular and extracellular ROS production and T cell proliferation and reduced significantly ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.001 ) TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 production. At all doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg), the extract significantly reduces the ulceration index and the area of ulceration and significantly increases the mass of gastric mucus. In addition, the extract significantly decreases the level of MDA, significantly increases the activities of catalase and glutathione, and then improves the hematological parameters in sick animals. Histological micrographs show that in the presence of the extract, there is advanced reepithelialization with recovery of the ulcerated epithelium. Thus, the extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus has healing properties against gastric ulcers which are associated with its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects.

scholarly journals Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1121-E1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneseh Adeshirlarijaney ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Hao Q. Tran ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Andrew T. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Metformin beneficially impacts several aspects of metabolic syndrome including dysglycemia, obesity, and liver dysfunction, thus making it a widely used frontline treatment for early-stage type 2 diabetes, which is associated with these disorders. Several mechanisms of action for metformin have been proposed, including that it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, possibly as a result of its impact on intestinal microbiota. In accord with this possibility, we observed herein that, in mice with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, metformin impacts the gut microbiota by preventing its encroachment upon the host, a feature of metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. However, the ability of metformin to beneficially impact metabolic syndrome in mice was not markedly altered by reduction or elimination of gut microbiota, achieved by the use of antibiotics or germfree mice. Although reducing or eliminating microbiota by itself suppressed diet-induced dysglycemia, other features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and low-grade inflammation remained suppressed by metformin in the presence or absence of gut microbiota. These results support a role for anti-inflammatory activity of metformin, irrespective of gut microbiota, in driving some of the beneficial impacts of this drug on metabolic syndrome.

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