Strain, biochemistry, and cultivation-dependent measurement variability of algal biomass composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 452 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve M.L. Laurens ◽  
Stefanie Van Wychen ◽  
Jordan P. McAllister ◽  
Sarah Arrowsmith ◽  
Thomas A. Dempster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Dependent Measurement

Characteristics of external carbon uptake by microalgae growth and associated effects on algal biomass composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 121887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Huang ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Xiaochang C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Microalgae Growth

scholarly journals Advanced mass balance characterization and fractionation of algal biomass composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Van Wychen ◽  
Steven M. Rowland ◽  
Kaitlin C. Lesco ◽  
Peter V. Shanta ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Characterization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Single Category

AbstractOpportunities associated with biomass production and bioproduct isolation from algae-derived feedstocks are plentiful and promising; however, there are challenges associated with realizing these applications. One of the most important, and often overlooked, challenges is the lack of availability of a strong foundation of compositional analysis methods validated on microalgal biomass. Currently, compositional analysis in algae is dominated by the use of interference-prone methods, a lack of full mass balance accounting, and the use of top-down approaches that bin all unaccounted-for mass into a single category, such as carbohydrates. We present here an approach based on a bottom-up algal biomass characterization aimed at moving towards, and highlighting the importance of, full and accurate mass closure to achieve the maximum economic potential from a sustainable and renewable feedstock. Algal biomass representing three genera, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus, and Monoraphidium, was subjected to a cell rupture and fractionation process, followed by detailed characterization of each fraction to determine the partitioning of measured and unknown components. The goal of this work is to identify where the missing components partition, and develop a strategy to close the mass balance or identify the unknowns, while utilizing a rigorous characterization approach for characterizing algal biomass. Although only 75–80% of the biomass was accounted for, the fractionation approach utilized here provides key insight into possible chemical components for future investigations.

scholarly journals Enabling Production of Algal Biofuels by Techno-Economic Optimization of Co-Product Suites

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Kruger ◽  
Matthew Wiatrowski ◽  
Ryan E. Davis ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Eric P. Knoshaug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Algal Biofuels

Recent techno-economic analysis (TEA) has underscored that for algal biofuels to be cost competitive with petroleum fuels, co-products are necessary to offset the cost of fuel production. The co-product suite must scale with fuel production while also maximizing value from the non-fuel precursor components. The co-product suite also depends on algal biomass composition, which is highly dynamic and depends on environmental conditions during cultivation. Intentional shifts in composition during cultivation are often associated with reduced biomass productivity, which can increase feedstock production costs for the algae-based biorefinery. The optimal algae-based biorefinery configuration is thus a function of many factors. We have found that comprehensive TEA, which requires the construction of process models with detailed mass and energy balances, along with a complete accounting of capital and operating expenditures for a commercial-scale production facility, provides invaluable insight into the viability of a proposed biorefinery configuration. This insight is reflected in improved viability for one biorefining approach that we have developed over the last 10 years, namely, the Combined Algal Processing (CAP) approach. This approach fractionates algal biomass into carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich fractions, and tailors upgrading chemistry to the composition of each fraction. In particular, transitioning from valorization of only the lipids to a co-product suite from multiple components of high-carbohydrate algal biomass can reduce the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) from more than $8/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) to $2.50/GGE. This paper summarizes that progress and discusses several surprising implications in this optimization approach.

Optical analysis of ink and other contaminants in process waters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
ANTTI HAAPALA ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ELISA KOIVURANTA ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Optically Active ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Dependent Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methodology

Analysis methods developed specifically to determine the presence of ink and other optically active components in paper machine white waters or other process effluents are not available. It is generally more interest¬ing to quantify the effect of circulation water contaminants on end products. This study compares optical techniques to quantify the dirt in process water by two methods for test media preparation and measurement: direct process water filtration on a membrane foil and low-grammage sheet formation. The results show that ink content values obtained from various analyses cannot be directly compared because of fundamental issues involving test media preparation and the varied methodologies used to formulate the results, which may be based on different sets of assumptions. The use of brightness, luminosity, and reflectance and the role of scattering measurements as a part of ink content analysis are discussed, along with fine materials retention and measurement media selection. The study concludes with practical tips for case-dependent measurement methodology selection.

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