Use of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) for antibody detection and diagnosis of schistosomiasis: The need for improved accuracy evaluations of diagnostic tools

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 105800
Author(s):  
Carlos Graeff-Teixeira ◽  
Vivian Favero ◽  
Renata Perotto de Souza ◽  
Vanessa Fey Pascoal ◽  
Hélio Radke Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Egg Antigen

scholarly journals Enhanced Antibody Detection and Diagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis with the MiraVista IgG and IgM Detection Enzyme Immunoassay

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Malo ◽  
Eric Holbrook ◽  
Tirdad Zangeneh ◽  
Chris Strawter ◽  
Eyal Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Improved Accuracy

ABSTRACT Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in areas of the southwestern United States in which the disease is endemic. Clinical presentations range from self-limited disease to severe disseminated disease. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring. Currently available diagnostic tests have variable accuracy, particularly in certain patient populations, and new tests may offer improved accuracy for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Serum samples from 103 cases of coccidioidomycosis and 373 controls were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies using the MVista anti- Coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay. Serum specimens from 170 controls from areas in which the disease is endemic and 44 cases were tested by immunodiffusion at MiraVista Diagnostics. The sensitivity of the MVista antibody assay was 88.3%, and the specificity was 90%. The sensitivity was maintained in the presence of immunocompromising conditions or immunosuppressive therapies. The sensitivity of immunodiffusion was 60.2%, and the specificity was 98.8%. The sensitivity of complement fixation (62 cases) was 66.1%, but the specificity could not be determined. The MVista anti- Coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay offers improved sensitivity, compared with immunodiffusion and complement fixation, is not impaired in immunocompromised patients, and permits highly reproducible semiquantification.

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens processed by the infected host

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. P. M. Bogers ◽  
H. A. M. Nibbeling ◽  
A. M. Deelder ◽  
E. A. E. Van Marck
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Antigenic Material ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Egg Antigen

SUMMARYThe detection of egg-derived antigens in the serum and urine of Schistosoma mansoni-infected individuals and experimental animals would provide an alternative method to assess the tissue egg burden. The detected levels are, however, not only a function of the amounts of antigen produced, but also of the processing or clearance by the host. In the present study the immunolocalization pattern of antigens using 2 recently described monoclonal antibodies to repetitive carbohydrate epitopes of S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (114–5B1–A and 114–4D12–A) in various organs of the host was investigated. In the liver strong immunoreactivity could be detected around the entrapped eggs and in egg-shells, as well as in Kupffer cells accumulating both antigen and schistosomal pigment. In the spleen, immunohistochemistry revealed antigen in the plasma as well as in secondary lysosomes of macrophages. Strong labelling was found in the vesicles of the eosinophilic granulocytes: indirect evidence perhaps for the presence of antigen–antibody complexes. In conclusion, the secreted egg antigens were sequestered in the reticulo-endothelial macrophages of the liver and the spleen as already partly described for worm-derived antigens. The presence of large quantities of antigenic material in the spleen could suggest an important role of this organ in the clearance of antigen and might even provide an additional explanation for the hepatosplenomegaly mainly present in S. mansoni-infected children.

scholarly journals Do intestinal parasites interfere with the seroepidemiologic surveillance of Schistosoma mansoni infection?

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alarcón De Noya ◽  
C. Colmenares ◽  
S. Losada ◽  
Z. Fermin ◽  
G. Masroua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Egg Antigen ◽  
Immunoenzymatic Assay

SUMMARYIn view of the known cross-reactivity of sera from patients with intestinal parasites to some Schistosoma mansoni antigens, field work was conducted in an area of Venezuela non-endemic for schistosomiasis using the routine immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) with soluble egg antigen (SEA). False positive reactions represented 15·3% of the total population as determined by SEA–ELISA. SEA-immunoblotting of the false positive sera indicated that protein fractions of 91 and 80 kDa appear to be responsible for cross-reactivity. Sera from hookworm infected individuals produced a higher frequency and intensity of cross-reaction than other sera. SEA-fractions of 105, 54, 46, 42, 32, 25 and 15 kDa were the most specific.

scholarly journals Antibodies against Early Proteins of Human Papillomaviruses as Diagnostic Markers for Invasive Cervical Cancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Meschede ◽  
Klaus Zumbach ◽  
Joris Braspenning ◽  
Martin Scheffner ◽  
Luis Benitez-Bribiesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Immunological Monitoring ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
E6 And E7

Cervical cancer is the most prevalent tumor in developing countries and the second most frequent cancer among females worldwide. Specific human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and, most notably, HPV types 16 and 18 are recognized as being causally associated with this malignancy. Antibodies against early HPV proteins E6 and E7 have been found more often in patients with tumors than in controls. Existing peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of anti-E6 and anti-E7 antibodies in human sera have low levels of sensitivity and specificity and thus are not suitable for use as diagnostic tools. Based on highly purified recombinant native proteins, we developed four sandwich ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against HPV type 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins. We demonstrate their sensitivities and high degrees of specificity for cervical cancer. Among a total of 501 serum specimens from unselected patients with invasive cervical cancer, 52.9% reacted positively in at least one of the four assays. In contrast, among 244 serum specimens from control subjects without cervical cancer, only 2 reactive serum specimens (0.8%) were found. For 19 of 19 antibody-positive patients, the HPV type indicated by seroreactivity was identical to the HPV DNA type found in the tumor, which also indicates a high degree of specificity for antibody detection with respect to HPV type. In a direct comparison of 72 serum specimens from patients with cervical cancer, 56% of the specimens reacted in at least one of the four protein ELISAs, whereas 40% reacted in at least one of seven peptide ELISAs covering the four antigens. These assays could be of value for the detection of invasive cervical cancer in settings in which cytology-based early tumor screening is not available, for the clinical management of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, and for the immunological monitoring of E6 and E7 vaccination trials.

scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis in a Centrifugal Pump Using Active Magnetic Bearings

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Nordmann ◽  
Martin Aenis
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Fault Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Conventional Systems

The number of rotors running in active magnetic bearings (AMBs) has increased over the last few years. These systems offer a great variety of advantages compared to conventional systems. The aim of this article is to use the AMBs together with a developed built-in software for identification, fault detection, and diagnosis in a centrifugal pump. A single-stage pump representing the turbomachines is investigated. During full operation of the pump, the AMBs are used as actuators to generate defined motions respectively forces as well as very precise sensor elements for the contactless measurement of the responding displacements and forces. In the linear case, meaning small motions around an operating point, it is possible to derive compliance frequency response functions from the acquired data. Based on these functions, a model-based fault detection and diagnosis is developed which facilitates the detection of faults compared to state-of-the-art diagnostic tools which are only based on the measurement of the systems outputs, i.e., displacements. In this article, the different steps of the model-based diagnosis, which are modeling, generation of significant features, respectively symptoms, fault detection, and the diagnosis procedure itself are presented and in particular, it is shown how an exemplary fault is detected and identified.

Antibody response to immunization with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen-antibody complex

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Stahl ◽  
José Oliver-González ◽  
Amina Rivera de Sala
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Egg Antigen

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of 10 serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. ◽  
Sara Gómez de Frutos ◽  
Diego Domingo García PharmD ◽  
Eva Navarro Lara ◽  
Ayla Yarci Carrión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Sensitivity Range ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract BackgroundAntibody detection is essential to establish exposure, infection and immunity to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to perform epidemiological studies. The worlwide urge for new diagnostic tools to control the pandemic has led to a quick in- corporation in clinical practice of the recently developed serological assays.MethodsWe evaluated the diagnostic accuracy to detect Ig G, Ig M+A and/or IgA anti SARS-CoV-2 of 10 different assays: 3 Lateral Flow card inmunoassays, 4 en- zyme-linked inmunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and 3 chemiluminescent particle immunoassays (CMIA). Using PCR for COVID-19 as gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were determined. Each assay was tested in 2 groups: Positive Controls, formed by 50 sera from 50 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneu- monia with positive PCR; Negative Controls, formed by 50 sera from 50 pa- tients with respiratory infection non-COVID-19.ResultsSensitivity range of the 10 assays evaluated for patients with positive COVID-19 PCR was 40-77% (65-81% considering IgG plus IgM). Specificity ranged 83-100%. VPP and VPN were respectively 81-100% and 61.6-81%.ConclusionsResults obtained varied widely among the assays evaluated.Highest diagnostic accuracy was obtained with ELISA and CMIAs, but they last much longer.

Activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T.W. Chen ◽  
P.C. Cheng ◽  
K.C. Chang ◽  
J.P. Cao ◽  
J.L. Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Egg Antigen

Abstract Schistosomiasis is an inflammatory disease that occurs when schistosome species eggs are deposited in the liver, resulting in fibrosis and portal hypertension. Schistosomes can interact with host inflammasomes to elicit host immune responses, leading to mitochondrial damage, generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of apoptosis during inflammation. This study aims to examine whether ROS and NF-κB (p65) expression elicited other types of inflammasome activation in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mouse livers. We examine the relationship between inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage and ROS production in mouse livers infected with S. mansoni. We demonstrate a significant release of ROS and superoxides and increased NF-κB (p65) in S. mansoni-infected mouse livers. Moreover, activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes was triggered by S. mansoni infection. Stimulation of HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with soluble egg antigen induced activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that S. mansoni infection promotes both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation.

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