Gankyrin: At the crossroads of cancer diagnosis, disease prognosis, and development of efficient cancer therapeutics

Magnetic nanomaterials belong to a class of highly-functionalizable tools for cancer therapy owing to their intrinsic magnetic properties and multifunctional design that provides a multimodal theranostics platform for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. In this review article, we have provided an overview of the various applications of magnetic nanomaterials and recent advances in the development of these nanomaterials as cancer therapeutics. Moreover, the cancer targeting, potential toxicity, and degradability of these nanomaterials has been briefly addressed. Finally, the challenges for clinical translation and the future scope of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer therapy are discussed.

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UHRF1: The key regulator of epigenetics and molecular target for cancer therapeutics

Tumor Biology ◽

10.1177/1010428317692205 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 101042831769220 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Harsimran Sidhu ◽

Neena Capalash

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Growth Arrest ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Molecular Target ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Potential Biomarker

UHRF1 is a master regulator of epigenome as it coordinates DNA methylation and histone modifications. Compelling evidence suggests a strong link between UHRF1 overexpression and tumorigenesis, substantiating its ability to act as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. UHRF1 also mediates repair of damaged DNA that makes cancer cells resistant toward cytocidal drugs. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism of UHRF1 regulation would help in developing cancer therapeutics. Natural compounds have shown applicability to downregulate UHRF1 leading to growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.

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Plant-Derived Lectins as Potential Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostic Tools

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/1631394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Milena Mazalovska ◽

J. Calvin Kouokam

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Carbohydrate Binding ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Altered Cell ◽

Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Cancer remains a global health challenge, with high morbidity and mortality, despite the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. Multiple compounds assessed as novel potential anticancer drugs derive from natural sources, including microorganisms, plants, and animals. Lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of nonimmune origin with carbohydrate-binding abilities, have been detected in virtually all kingdoms of life. These proteins can interact with free and/or cell surface oligosaccharides and might differentially bind cancer cells, since malignant transformation is tightly associated with altered cell surface glycans. Therefore, lectins could represent a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Indeed, several plant lectins exert cytotoxic effects mainly by inducing apoptotic and autophagic pathways in malignant cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the basis for the use of lectins in cancer diagnosis and therapy, providing a few examples of plant-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins with demonstrated antitumor effects.

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Cancer and the microbiota

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aaa4972 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 348 (6230) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 411

Author(s):

Wendy S. Garrett

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment

A host’s microbiota may increase, diminish, or have no effect at all on cancer susceptibility. Assigning causal roles in cancer to specific microbes and microbiotas, unraveling host-microbiota interactions with environmental factors in carcinogenesis, and exploiting such knowledge for cancer diagnosis and treatment are areas of intensive interest. This Review considers how microbes and the microbiota may amplify or mitigate carcinogenesis, responsiveness to cancer therapeutics, and cancer-associated complications.

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Impact of timing of atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score and cancer therapeutics on mortality in oncology patients

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2020-001412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e001412

Author(s):

Muzna Hussain ◽

Rabel Misbah ◽

Eoin Donnellan ◽

Saqer Alkharabsheh ◽

Yuan Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Early Phase ◽

Late Phase ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Older Age ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

After Cancer ◽

The Impact ◽

First Diagnosis

ObjectivesTo investigate timing and age distribution of atrial fibrillation (AF) in selected oncology patients, and the impact of AF timing, CHA2DS2-VASc score and cancer therapeutics on mortality.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of oncology patients referred to the cardio-oncology service from 2011 to 2018 for echocardiographic cardiosurveillance and/or pre-existing cardiovascular risk factor/disease management. Rates of first AF diagnosis was assessed using a parametric multiphase hazard model (predictive modelling) and non-parametrically by Kaplan-Meier with transformations tested using a bootstrap methodology.ResultsAmong 6754 patients identified, 174 patients had their first AF diagnosis before cancer while 609 patients had their first diagnosis of AF after cancer. Most first AF diagnosis occurred at/early after cancer diagnosis. Increasing AF prevalence at time of cancer diagnosis was seen across older age groups ranges. Diagnosis of cancer at an older age and exposure to cardiotoxic treatment (anthracyclines, HER2-neu inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors including ibrutinib and radiation) were associated with an increased risk of AF.Modelling of the hazard function of AF identified a high left-skewed peak within 3 years after cancer diagnosis (‘early phase’), followed by a gradual late slight rise 3 years after cancer diagnosis (‘late phase’). AF diagnosis was only associated with death in the early phase (p<0.001), while CHA2DS2-VASc score was only associated with death in the late phase (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study reports a nuanced/complex relationship between AF and cancer. First diagnosis of AF in patients with cancer was more common at/early after cancer diagnosis, especially in older patients and those exposed to cardiotoxic treatment. Pre-existing AF or a diagnosis of AF within 3 years after cancer diagnosis carried a negative prognosis. CHA2DS2-VASc score did not relate to mortality in those that developed AF within 3 years of cancer diagnosis.

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Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Upgrade Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-021-03489-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhongyang Yu ◽

Lei Gao ◽

Kehan Chen ◽

Wenqiang Zhang ◽

Qihang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Tumor Diagnosis ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

New Approach ◽

Future Developments ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Feasible Solutions

AbstractTraditional cancer therapeutics have been criticized due to various adverse effects and insufficient damage to targeted tumors. The breakthrough of nanoparticles provides a novel approach for upgrading traditional treatments and diagnosis. Actually, nanoparticles can not only solve the shortcomings of traditional cancer diagnosis and treatment, but also create brand-new perspectives and cutting-edge devices for tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, most of the research about nanoparticles stays in vivo and in vitro stage, and only few clinical researches about nanoparticles have been reported. In this review, we first summarize the current applications of nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment. After that, we propose the challenges that hinder the clinical applications of NPs and provide feasible solutions in combination with the updated literature in the last two years. At the end, we will provide our opinions on the future developments of NPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

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