Sex specific trajectories in cigarette smoking behaviors among students participating in the Unplugged school-based randomized control trial for substance use prevention

Background: Preventing suicide among adolescents is an urgent global public-health challenge, especially in Africa. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the early initiation (< 12 years old) of substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use) and attempted suicide among in-school adolescents in seven African countries.Methods: Data on the early initiation of substance use and on attempted suicide among in-school adolescents over the previous 12 months in Benin, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and the United Republic of Tanzania were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys and were pooled to determine the overall prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were then performed to evaluate country-specific associations between the early initiation of substance use and attempted suicide in these adolescents, followed by meta-analyses to evaluate overall pooled associations.Results: In the abovementioned seven African low- or middle-income countries (LMICs), overall weighted prevalences of attempted suicide and early initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use among in-school adolescents were 16.05, 7.76, 17.68, and 3.48%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that relative to non-smoking, the early initiation of smoking was significantly associated with attempted suicide in these adolescents [OR (95% CI) = 1.783 (1.219–2.348)]. Additionally, the relationship between early initiation of cigarette smoking and attempted suicide is mostly driven by a higher association in girls [OR (95% CI) = 1.867 (1.031–2.703)] than boys [OR (95% CI) = 1.392 (0.995−1.789)]. Moreover, relative to not using other drugs, the early and later initiation of other drug use were also significantly associated with attempted suicide in these adolescents [ORs (95% CIs) = 2.455 (1.701–3.208) and 1.548 (1.198–1.898)].Conclusion: Programs that can eliminate or decrease the early initiation of substance use among adolescents should be implemented in African LMICs to prevent subsequent suicide attempts, especially among adolescent girls.

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Artikel

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.1177/145507250802600506 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 341-354

Author(s):

Hilde Pape

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Evaluation Studies ◽

Real Life ◽

The Body ◽

Good News ◽

Selective Reporting ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

School Based ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Analytical Approaches

H. Pape: School-based interventions that seem to work: Useful research on substance use prevention or suspicious stories of success? School-based prevention programmes targeted at adolescent substance use rarely seem to have the desired effects on behaviour. It is true that some outcome studies do conclude that such programmes have been successful, but they are relatively few and far between. Even so, one may ask whether the body of published research in this field may originate from unrealistic optimism due to publication bias and underreporting of no or counterproductive effects. Thus, anecdotal evidence suggests that the literature is biased in favour of studies with positive findings. Moreover, nearly all these studies have been carried out by programme developers, and it is well known that researchers with vested interests are more likely to bring “good news” than independent researchers. Indeed, rather than approaching the field with critical refelction, some evaluators have intended to prove that school-based prevention works and have conducted their research accordingly. Examples of questionable analytical approaches and selective reporting of positive findings are consequently not hard to find. The external validity of evaluation studies with favourable outcomes is also often questionable because they almost exclusively have assessed the effects of programmes delivered under optimal rather than real-life conditions. In conclusion, the empirical “evidence” in favour of school-based substance use prevention programmes is generally weak and does not allow recommendation of widespread dissemination of any specific programme.

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Comparing efficacy of treatment as usual or treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for stigma and shame in patient with substance use disorder: A randomized control trial

AEA Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

10.1257/rct.5596-1.0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahvia Gul

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Randomized Control Trial ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Commitment Therapy ◽

Acceptance And Commitment ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Efficacy Of Treatment

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Erratum: Erratum for “Differential Nonenrollment of Taiwanese Children in School-Based Substance Use Prevention Studies: A Multilevel Analysis”

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.15288/jsad.2021.82.439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 439-439

Author(s):

Chuan-Yu Chen ◽

Carla L. Storr ◽

Jen-Huoy Tsay ◽

Shao-Yu Fang ◽

I-An Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

School Based ◽

Prevention Studies

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The Potential of Coaching as a Strategy to Improve the Effectiveness of School-Based Substance Use Prevention Curricula

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198107303311 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 696-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Christopher L. Ringwalt ◽

Melinda M. Pankratz ◽

William B. Hansen ◽

Linda Dusenbury ◽

Julia Jackson-Newsom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

Control Groups ◽

School Based ◽

Prevention Curriculum ◽

Expert Coaching ◽

And Control ◽

Positive Effect

Research-based substance use prevention curricula typically yield small effects when implemented by school teachers under real-world conditions. Using a randomized controlled trial, the authors examined whether expert coaching improves the effectiveness of the All Stars prevention curriculum. Although a positive effect on students' cigarette use was noted, this finding may be attributed to marked baseline differences on this variable across the intervention and control groups. No effects were found on students' alcohol or marijuana use or on any of several variables thought to mediate curriculum effects. The effects of coaching on teachers may not become evident until future years, when they have moved beyond an initial mechanical delivery of the curriculum.

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School-based interventions for preventing substance use in indigenous children ages 7–13: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e034032

Author(s):

Geoffrey Maina ◽

Taryn Phaneuf ◽

Megan Kennedy ◽

Maeve Mclean ◽

Ann Gakumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Research Question ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

School Based ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Indigenous Children ◽

School Based Interventions

IntroductionThroughout the world, indigenous peoples share traumatic colonial experiences that have caused gross inequalities for them and continue to impact every aspect of their lives. The effect of intergenerational trauma and other health disparities have been remarkable for Indigenous children and adolescents, who are at a greater risk of adverse mental health and addiction outcomes compared with non-indigenous people of the same age. Most indigenous children are exposed to addictive substances at an early age, which often leads to early initiation of substance use and is associated with subsequent physical and mental health issues, poor social and relational functioning, and occupational and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for the scoping review of school-based interventions for substance use prevention in Indigenous children ages 7–13 living in Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. This scoping review seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What is known about indigenous school-based interventions for preventing substance use and (2) What are the characteristics and outcomes of school-based interventions for preventing substance use?Methods and analysisThis scoping review will use steps described by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) consulting with experts. Our findings will be reported according to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationEthics review approval is not required for this project. Findings from this study will be presented to lay public, at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

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