Organic matter and water management strategies to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Pandey ◽  
Van Trinh Mai ◽  
Duong Quynh Vu ◽  
Thi Phuong Loan Bui ◽  
Thi Lan Anh Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Rice Paddies

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Reduced Following Conversion of Rice Paddies to Inland Crab–Fish Aquaculture in Southeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Hu ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Shuqing Li ◽  
Zhaofu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Southeast China

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from direct-seeded and seedling-transplanted rice paddies in southeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 374 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Yaojun Zhang ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Jianwen Zou
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smith ◽  
R. Gordon ◽  
C. Bourque ◽  
A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Odour Emissions

Surface-applied swine manure has the potential to generate ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and odour. Field research was conducted in Prince Edward Island to measure the simultaneous emissions of NH3, N2O and odour following the surface-application of swine manure. Manure was applied to a grain stubble field consisting of a sandy loam soil low in pH (5.6–5.9). The effect of manure type (liquid and solid), application rate [conventional/typical rate (1 ×): 30 000-36 000 L ha-1, double (2 ×): 60 000-72 000 L ha-1 and five times (5 ×): 180 000 L ha-1] and rainfall (8–200 mm) before and after liquid manure application were examined. There was no relationship between odour emissions and manure type, application rate and rainfall before and after spreading, due to high variability. Liquid manure (dry matter (DM = 45 g kg-1) reduced NH3 emissions by 32% compared with solid (DM = 350 g kg-1). Increasing application rates enhanced NH3 emissions; increasing the rate by 2 × and 5 × the typical rate increased losses by 62 and 78%, respectively. Applying manure prior to rainfall reduced NH3 emissions by 37%, compared with application after a rainfall. Ammonia and odour emissions were similarly correlated to atmospheric conditions with increased emissions at higher air and soil temperature, net radiation, vapour pressure deficit and windspeed. Nitrous oxide emissions were low in magnitude and showed no correlation to climatic conditions, suggesting that management strategies to reduce both odour and NH3 did not enhance N2O emissions when applied to a moderately acidic soil with low levels of soil nitrate (< 5 mg N kg-1). Our results indicate that for conditions similar to those in this study, there is no trade-off between NH3 and N2O production and more attention should be placed on controlling and reducing odour and NH3 emissions. Key words: Ammonia, nitrous oxide, odour, swine manure, management strategies

Estimating nitrous oxide emissions from flood-irrigated alkaline grey clays

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
15N Balance ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Wide Range

Concern has mounted over recent decades regarding the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere through human activities. Modern agriculture has contributed to this with elevated use of nitrogenous fertilizers and irrigation. Irrigated cotton grown on alkaline heavy clay soils often uses nitrogen fertiliser inefficiently, due largely to N loss (commonly 50–100 kg N/ha) through denitrification. However, the amount of denitrified N emitted as N2O has rarely been measured. This paper derives estimates of the quantities of N2O emitted from N fertiliser applied to alkaline grey clays.A negative exponential function between the N2O/N2 mole fraction and soil pH was derived from a search of laboratory and field studies published by numerous authors using a wide range of soil types. A greater proportion of N2O relative to N2 is emitted from acid soils; approximately equivalent amounts of each gas are emitted from soil of pH 6.0. For the alkaline grey clays (pH 8.3–8.5), the N2O/N2 mole fraction was about 0.024.The quantities of N2O emitted from alkaline grey clays during the growth of a cotton crop were estimated by applying this relationship to 15N balance studies where N fertiliser losses had been measured. Using this approach, about 2 kg N/ha (~1.1% of the N applied) was calculated to be lost as N2O during the cotton-growing season. This is similar to the value of 1.25% commonly used to estimate N2O emissions from N fertiliser, but this estimation should only be applied to alkaline soils; a larger percentage of the fertiliser N denitrified from acid soils should be emitted as N2O-N. These estimates of N2O emissions require validation with field experimentation.The low (negligible) values for N2O emission from flooded fields compared with laboratory observations are discussed. It is possible that high N2O emissions observed under laboratory conditions result from the shallow depth of soil, reducing the opportunity for N2O to be further reduced as it diffuses through the soil profile. Management strategies that have the potential to reduce N2O emissions are discussed.

scholarly journals Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy field with Japanese conventional water management and fertilizer application

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Nishimura ◽  
Takuji Sawamoto ◽  
Hiroko Akiyama ◽  
Shigeto Sudo ◽  
Kazuyuki Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Southern High Plains Beef Cattle Feedyards: Measurement and Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Waldrip ◽  
Kenneth D. Casey ◽  
Richard W. Todd ◽  
David B. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Texas Panhandle ◽  
Process Based Models

Abstract. The Texas Panhandle produces approximately 42% of finished beef in the U.S., and cattle production is estimated to contribute 8 Tg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) from nitrous oxide (N2O). Production of N2O in manure is largely a result of biochemical processes that are not static: N2O emission rates are dependent on numerous environmental and chemical factors. Process-based models that estimate N2O emissions from manure in open-lot cattle production systems typically rely on information derived from studies of soil biochemistry. Limited study has been conducted on manure-derived N2O in open-lot beef feedyards. The objectives of this study were to determine variables related to N2O losses from Texas Panhandle feedyards and develop empirical models to predict N2O emissions. Nitrous oxide flux data were collected from a series of 15 non-flow-through, non-steady-state (NFT-NSS) chamber studies (ten chambers per study) conducted from 2012 to 2014 on two commercial beef cattle feedyards. Manure samples (loose surface manure and the underlying manure pack) were analyzed for basic physicochemical properties, soluble carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectral characteristics related to degree of organic matter (OM) stability and humification. Measured N2O emissions ranged from below detection to 101 mg m-2 h-1 (average 4.8 ±12 mg m-2 h-1) and were positively related to manure H2O content, temperature, and nitrate (NO3-) concentration (p &lt; 0.01). Emissions were negatively related to manure OM, ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+), dissolved C and dissolved N concentrations, and UV-vis parameters related to OM stability (p &lt; 0.05). Based on these data, empirical models were developed and evaluated to predict manure-derived N2O emissions. Model predictions were not significantly different from observed N2O emissions (p &lt; 0.05). The unbounded index of agreement (IA) indicated that model predictions were within 52% to 61% agreement with observations. Inclusion of OM characteristics improved model predictions of high (&gt;30 mg m-2 h-1) N2O emissions but tended to overestimate low emission rates (&lt;20 mg N2O m-2 h-1). This provides evidence for the importance of C stability in limiting manure N2O production. These models may improve parameterization of existing process-based models and are novel methods for predicting feedyard N2O emissions. Keywords: Beef cattle, Feedlot, Feedyard, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Modeling, Nitrous oxide, Organic matter, Urine, UV-vis spectroscopy.

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