In-situ monitoring of soil water isotopic composition for partitioning of evapotranspiration during one growing season of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

2019 ◽  
Vol 266-267 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Quade ◽  
Anne Klosterhalfen ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
Nicolas Brüggemann ◽  
Normen Hermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
In Situ Monitoring

scholarly journals Xylem water in riparian Willow trees (Salix alba) reveals shallow sources of root water uptake by in situ monitoring of stable water isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Landgraf ◽  
Dörthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Maren Dubbert ◽  
David Dubbert ◽  
Aaron Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Salix Alba

Abstract. Root water uptake is an important critical zone process, as plants can tap various water sources and transpire these back into the atmosphere. However, knowledge about the spatial and temporal dynamics of root water uptake and associated water sources at both high temporal resolution (e.g. daily) and over longer time periods (e.g. seasonal) is still limited. We used cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) for continuous in situ monitoring of stable water isotopes in soil and xylem water for two riparian willow (Salix alba) trees over the growing season (May to October) of 2020. This was complemented by isotopic sampling of local precipitation, groundwater and stream water in order to help constrain the potential sources of root water uptake. A local flux tower, together with sap flow monitoring, soil moisture measurements and dendrometry were also used to provide the hydroclimatic and ecohydrological contexts for in situ isotope monitoring. In addition, bulk samples of soil water and xylem water were collected to corroborate the continuous in situ data. The monitoring period was characterised by frequent inputs of precipitation, interspersed by warm dry periods which resulted in variable moisture storage in the upper 20 cm of the soil profile and dynamic isotope signatures. This variability was greatly damped in 40 cm and the isotopic composition of the sub-soil and groundwater was relatively stable. The isotopic composition and dynamics of xylem water was very similar to that of the upper soil and analysis using a Bayesian mixing model inferred that overall ~90 % of root water uptake was derived from the upper soil profile. Sap flow and dendrometry data indicated that soil water availability did not seriously limit transpiration during the study period, though there was a suggestion that deeper (> 40 cm) soil water might provide a higher proportion of root water uptake (~30 %) in a drier period in the late summer. The study demonstrates the utility of prolonged real time monitoring of natural stable isotope abundance in soil-vegetation systems, which has great potential for further understanding of ecohydrological partitioning under changing hydroclimatic conditions.

Genetic and chromosomal localization of the 5S rDNA locus in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schondelmaier ◽  
T. Schmidt ◽  
C. Jung ◽  
J. S. Heslop-Harrison
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene

A digoxigenin-labelled 5S rDNA probe containing the 5S rRNA gene and the adjacent intergenic spacer was used for in situ hybridization to metaphase and interphase chromosomes of a trisomic stock from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Three chromosomes of primary trisomic line IV (T. Butterfass. Z. Bot. 52: 46–77. 1964) revealed signals close to the centromeres. Polymorphisms of 5S rDNA repeats in a segregating population were used to map genetically the 5S rRNA genes within a cluster of markers in linkage group II of sugar beet. The concentration of genetic markers around the centromere presumably reflects the suppressed recombination frequency in centromeric regions. The correlation of physical and genetic data allowed the assignment of a linkage group to sugar beet chromosome IV according to line IV of the primary trisomics.Key words: Beta vulgaris, sugar beet, 5S rRNA, in situ hybridization, RFLPs, trisomics.

How do meteorological variables and topography control species-specific water uptake strategy along a forested hillslope?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Fabiani ◽  
Daniele Penna ◽  
Julian Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Species Specific

<p>In the face of current global warming conditions, temperate forest ecosystems are expected to be strongly affected by temperature increase and more frequent and intense water shortage. This leads to severe stress for forest vegetation in many temperate systems. Therefore, understanding the vegetation water use in temperate forests is urgently needed for more effective forest management strategies. Root water uptake (RWU) is a species-specific trait (tree physiology and root architecture) and its spatio-temporal patterns are controlled by a range of site-specific (e.g., topography, geology, pedology) and meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, soil humidity, rainfall.</p><p>In the present study, we use stable water isotopologues as ecohydrological tracers combined with continuous measurement of hydrometeorological (weather variables, groundwater levels, soil moisture, streamflow) and physiological (sap flow, radial stem growth) parameters to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of water uptake for beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) trees along a hillslope in a Luxemburgish catchment.</p><p>Fortnightly field campaigns were carried out during the growing season (April-October) 2019 to sample water from xylem, soil water at different depths, groundwater, stream water, and precipitation. Soil water isotopic composition and xylem water were extracted via cryogenic distillation. Grab sampling was performed for the other water pools. The isotopic composition was determined through laser spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (for xylem samples only).</p><p>From preliminary results, the isotopic composition of xylem water shows a marked seasonal variability suggesting a plasticity in RWU or a change in the isotopic composition of the water pools over the growing season. Moreover, beech and oak trees exhibit different uptake strategies when water supply is low. Within the range of observed groundwater variation topography does not play a statistically significant role on RWU.</p>

scholarly journals In situ estimation of actual évapotranspiration. A case study in Argos plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
P. Giannoulopoulos ◽  
A. Poulovassilis
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Matrix Potential

The following work refers to an experimental methodology employed for in situ monitoring of specific soil water fluxes constituting water balance components. The test area is located in the plain of Argos - Greece, within an orange grove. A micrometeorological station was installed in the site, equipped with several sensors for real time monitoring of various atmospheric parameters as well as water content and temperature in the soil profile. The soil profile was made accessible for sampling through a rectangular pit which was excavated close to the station. The soil water content was monitored making use ofTDR sensors which were calibrated against the traditional neutron probe technique and also by soil sampling. Tensiometeres were also installed in four different depths for monitoring the matrix potential. A software programme was developed for the analysis and the evaluation of the data collected in a 10 - minute time step. The analysis of the data showed that the three - year average of Actual Evapotranspiration, in this irrigated field, was approximately 857 mm, out of which almost 600mm occur between April and September and 260 mm in the winter period. Those results show that there is no significant water surplus for deep infiltration and aquifer recharge in clayey and clay - loam soils in this region.

Quasi-distributed fiber-optic in-situ monitoring technology for large-scale measurement of soil water content and its application

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 106373
Author(s):  
Meng-Ya Sun ◽  
Bin Shi ◽  
Cheng-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Xing Zheng ◽  
Jun-Yi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Technology

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of tree xylem water isotopes: In-situ monitoring and modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Seeger ◽  
Markus Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Isotopic Signatures

Abstract. We developed a setup for a fully automated, high frequency in-situ monitoring system of the stable water isotopes Deuterium and 18O in soil water and tree xylem. The setup was tested for 12 weeks within an isotopic labelling experiment during a large artificial sprinkling experiment including three mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees. Our setup allowed for one measurement every 12–20 minutes, enabling us to obtain about seven measurements per day for each of our 15 in-situ probes in the soil and tree xylem. While the labelling induced an abrupt step pulse in the soil water isotopic signature, it took seven to ten days until the isotopic signatures at the trees' stem bases reached their peak label concentrations and it took about 14 days until the isotopic signatures at 8 m stem height levelled off around the same values. During the experiment, we observed the effects of several rain events and dry periods on the xylem water isotopic signatures, which fluctuated between the measured isotopic signatures observed in the upper and lower soil horizons. In order to explain our observations, we combined an already existing root water uptake (RWU) model with a newly developed approach to simulate the propagation of isotopic signatures from the root tips to the stem base and further up along the stem. The key to a proper simulation of the observed short term dynamics of xylem water isotopes, was accounting for sap flow velocities and the flow path length distribution within the root and stem xylem. Our modelling framework allowed us to identify parameter values that relate to root depth, horizontal root distribution and wilting point. The insights gained from this study can help to improve the representation of stable water isotopes in trees within ecohydrological models and the prediction of transit time distribution and water age of transpiration fluxes.

Soil water dynamics over 12 seasons on irrigated dry bean–potato–wheat–sugar beet rotations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Francis J. Larney ◽  
Drusilla C. Pearson ◽  
Gregg H. Dill ◽  
Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽  
Francis Zvomuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
Southern Alberta

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are mainstays of irrigated crop production in southern Alberta. Concerns about soil quality and sustainability instigated a 12 yr (2000–2011) rotation study to compare conventional (CONV) with conservation (CONS) management practices (reduced tillage, narrow-row dry bean, compost addition, and cover cropping). Plant-available water (PAW) was measured using a neutron probe (10–16 count days·season−1, n = 148) on all phases of 4 yr (dry bean–potato–wheat–sugar beet) rotations under CONS and CONV management. A visual monitoring approach was used for irrigation scheduling. For dry bean and sugar beet, management allowable depletion (MAD) was exceeded on only 11%–15% of neutron probe count days over 12 yr. However, MAD was exceeded on 30% of count days for wheat and 43% for potato. Significant crop × management interactions showed that PAW was higher with CONS management most frequently on potato, followed by dry bean, wheat, and sugar beet. This order reflected the prevalence of CONS practices directly impacting each crop. Regression analyses showed that potato, wheat, and sugar beet yield increased significantly as mean growing season water table depth (WTD) increased. This was explained by yield suppression due to excessive soil wetness in seasons with high rainfall and shallow WTD. This study provided comparative soil water dynamics for four major irrigated crops in southern Alberta, over a 12 yr period, which included record high and low growing season precipitation.

scholarly journals The Stable Isotopic Composition of Different Water Bodies at the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) of the Western Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Che ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Argiriou ◽  
Wang ◽  
Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Stable Isotopic

Understanding the isotopic composition and interrelations of different water bodies at the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is crucial to reveal the processes and mechanisms of regional water cycles. Rainfall, river water, plant, and soil samples from Lanzhou City, China, were collected from April to October 2016. The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) of the local precipitation, river water, soil water, plant xylem water, and leaf water were determined. We found that trees mainly uptake the middle (30–60 cm) and deep (60–100 cm) layer soil water during the growing season, and the shrubs mainly uptake the middle soil water. All herbs uptake the shallow soil water (0–30 cm) during the growing season. The δ18O of shallow soil water was found to be isotopic-enriched because of evaporation and exhibited a decline from the shallow soil layer towards the deeper layer. The variation of δ18O and soil water content (SWC) was remarkable in shallow soil, which was mainly due to evaporation and precipitation infiltration, while water in the middle and deep layer was less affected by these phenomena.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document