Maize Crop Coefficients under Variable and Fixed (Uniform) Rate Irrigation and Conventional and Variable Rate Fertilizer Management in Three Soil Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 106489
Author(s):  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Vasudha Sharma ◽  
Amir Haghverdi ◽  
Amit Jhala ◽  
José O. Payero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Computing Maize Crop Coefficients in the Port Harcourt area, Nigeria, using a Class a Pan Evaporimeter

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ayotamuno ◽  
A.J. Akor ◽  
S.C. Teme ◽  
E.W.U. Essiet ◽  
N.O. Isirimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Class A ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Class A Pan

Farmers in hot tropical climates know the importance of irrigation, but for irrigation to be used effectively the water requirement of the crop must be known. This is computed as the product of the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the crop coefficient (Kc). While the PET can easily be obtained through various methods, including pan evaporimeters, the Kc in the Port Harcourt area for maize and other crops was not known. The main objective of this research, therefore, was to obtain maize crop coefficients at different stages of growth using non-weighing water table lysimeters and a class A pan. The estimated mean maize evapotranspiration (ET) values for the establishment, vegetative, pollination, and grain-filling stages were 29,98,84 and 98 mm, respectively. Values ranging from 0.18 to 1.08 were calculated for the mean crop coefficients for 10-day periods.

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE UM CONJUNTO LISIMÉTRICO NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE MILHO CULTIVADO NO OUTONO-INVERNO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-219
Author(s):  
Éder Comunello ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
Carlos Ricardo Fietz ◽  
Danilton Luiz Flumignan ◽  
Gessi Ceccon
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Reliable Methods

AVALIAÇÃO DE UM CONJUNTO LISIMÉTRICO NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE MILHO CULTIVADO NO OUTONO-INVERNO     ÉDER COMUNELLO1; PAULO CESAR SENTELHAS2; CARLOS RICARDO FIETZ1; DANILTON LUIZ FLUMIGNAN1 E GESSI CECCON1   1Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Rodovia BR 163, km 253,6, Cx. Postal 449, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil. Fone:(67) 3416-9700. E-mail(s): {eder.comunello, carlos.fietz, danilton.flumignan, gessi.ceccon}@embrapa.br 2Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (USP/Esalq), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Fone:(19) 3429-4283. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O conhecimento da evapotranspiração é fundamental para a determinação da demanda hídrica dos cultivos e a lisimetria está entre os métodos mais confiáveis para sua determinação. Uma série de fatores ligados à construção e operação dos lisímetros pode interferir na confiabilidade das medidas tomadas, de modo que o presente trabalho buscou avaliar se ligeiras diferenças nesses fatores seriam suficientes para gerar diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as séries obtidas de três lisímetros similares. O trabalho experimental foi implantado em março de 2014, em Dourados, MS, com o conjunto lisimétrico disposto em uma área de 0,49 ha, cultivada com um híbrido de milho superprecoce irrigado (125 dias). Variáveis fitotécnicas avaliadas demonstraram a homogeneidade de condições entre os lisímetros e entorno. Não havendo diferenças significativas entre séries, estabeleceu-se um coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) médio. Partindo de 0,54 na fase inicial (0-15 DAE), houve incremento linear dos valores de Kc, atingindo 1,37 no pendoamento (50 DAE). Desse ponto, houve redução gradual dos valores, chegando a 0,80 na maturação fisiológica (110 DAE) e 0,40 na colheita. A demanda hídrica calculada para todo ciclo foi de 475 mm. A análise complementar do saldo de radiação e temperatura do ar foram fundamentais para interpretação dos resultados.   Palavras-chave: coeficientes de cultura, lisímetros de pesagem, milho safrinha.     COMUNELLO, E.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; FIETZ, C. R.; FLUMIGNAN, D. L. E CECCON, G. EVALUATION OF A SET OF LYSIMETERS FOR DETERMINING WATER DEMAND OF AUTUMN-WINTER MAIZE CROP     2 ABSTRACT   Evapotranspiration is a key variable to determine crop water demand, and lysimetry is among the most reliable  methods for its determination. A number of factors related to lysimeters construction and operation can interfere with the reliability of measurements. Thus, this study aimed at assessing whether slightly differences could result in significant differences among the series of three similar lysimeters. The experiment was started in March, 2014, in Dourados county, MS, Brazil, with the lysimetric set located in an area of 0.49 ha where a short cycle maize hybrid (125 days) was cropped with irrigation. Plant measurements showed homogeneity conditions among lysimeters and their surrounding areas. With no significant differences among the series, an average crop coefficient (Kc) was used. The value of 0.54 was obtained in the initial phase (0-15 DAE). Right after, Kc values presented linear increment, reaching 1.37 in the tasseling stage (50 DAE). From this point, there was gradual decrease in values,  reaching 0.80 at physiological maturity (110 DAE) and 0.40 at harvest. Water demand calculated for the entire cycle was 475 mm. A complementary analysis of net radiation and air temperature was important to evaluate the results obtained.   Keywords: crop coefficients, weighing lysimeters, off-season maize.

scholarly journals Maize Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Penman-Monteith Equation and Modeling the Bulk Canopy Resistance

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Nora Meraz-Maldonado ◽  
Héctor Flores-Magdaleno
Keyword(s):  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Canopy Resistance ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Monteith Equation

Some techniques, such as the Katerji and Perrier approach, estimate the bulk canopy resistance (rc) as a function of meteorological variables and then calculate the hourly evapotranspiration using the Penman–Monteith equation, so that traditional crop coefficients are not needed. As far as we know, there are no published studies regarding using this method for a maize crop. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the canopy resistance for an irrigated continuous maize crop in the Midwestern United States (US). In addition, we determined the effect of derivation year, bowen ratio, and the extent of canopy. In this study we derive empirical coefficients necessary to estimate rc for maize, five years (2001–2005) were considered. A split-sample approach was taken, in which each year’s data was taken as a potential calibration data set and validation was accomplished while using the other four years of data. We grouped the data by green leaf area index (GLAI) and the Bowen ratio (β) by parsing the data into a 3 × 3 grouping: LAI (≥2, ≥3, and ≥4) and |β| (≤0.1, ≤0.2, and ≤0.3). The best fit data indicated reasonably good results for all nine groupings, so that the calibration coefficients derived for the conditions LAI ≥ 2 and |β| ≤ 0.3 were taken in light of the longer span associated with LAI ≥ 2 and the larger number of hours. For the calibrations in this subgroup, the results indicate that the annual empirical coefficients for rc are nearly the same and equally effective, regardless of the year used for calibration. Our validation included all the daytime hours regardless of β. Thus, it was concluded that the calibration at our site was independent of the derivation year. Knowledge of the Bowen ratio was useful in calibration, but accurate ET estimates (validation) can be obtained without knowledge of the Bowen ratio. Validation resulted in hourly ET estimates for irrigated maize that explained 83% to 86% of the variation in measured ET with an accuracy of ± 0.2 mm.

scholarly journals Use efficiency of variable rate of nitrogen prescribed by optical sensor in corn

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardes Bragagnolo ◽  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in corn is usually low, negatively affecting plant nutrition, the economic return, and the environment. In this context, a variable rate of nitrogen, prescribed by crop sensors, has been proposed as an alternative to the uniform rate of nitrogen traditionally used by farmers. This study tested the hypothesis that variable rate of nitrogen, prescribed by optical sensor, increases the nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield as compared to uniform rate of nitrogen. The following treatments were evaluated: 0; 70; 140; and 210 kg ha-1 under uniform rate of nitrogen, and 140 kg ha -1 under variable rate of nitrogen. The nitrogen source was urea applied on the soil surface using a distributor equipped with the crop sensor. In this study, the grain yield ranged from 10.2 to 15.5 Mg ha-1, with linear response to nitrogen rates. The variable rate of nitrogen increased by 11.8 and 32.6% the nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency, respectively, compared to the uniform rate of nitrogen. However, no significant increase in grain yield was observed, indicating that the major benefit of the variable rate of nitrogen was reducing the risk of environmental impact of fertilizer.

scholarly journals Variable and differential application of nutrients to a hill country farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Jd Morton ◽  
A. Gillingham
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Hill

Abstract Traditionally fertiliser has been aerially applied at a uniform rate to hill country, but the technology now exists to apply nutrients at a variable rate (VR) and each nutrient differentially, depending on the production potential and pasture composition of each part of the hill. A hypothetical case study of a sheep farm was modelled to show the economic benefits of VR application of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) and differential application of nitrogen (N), compared with application of a uniform rate of P and S. The financial analysis demonstrates that the VR strategy of less P and S to steeper slopes where there is low legume and more on easier slopes where there is more legume, costs less than the application of P and S at a uniform rate over all slopes. The cost saving could be used to apply N to steep land on both sunny and shady aspects and easy land on sunny aspects. This differential N application in late winter/early spring ensures better pasture cover for lactating ewes to improve ewe condition at weaning. When this gain in condition was maintained through to mating, lambing percentage increased in the following spring. The benefit from this increased lamb production was an increase in financial returns of $63/ha/year. A qualitative sensitivity analysis indicated that this value remains stable in response to changes in the proportion of each slope class, soil Olsen P level, the relative cost of fertiliser P and N and sheep to cattle ratio. Keywords: differential application, hill country, lamb production, nitrogen, phosphorus, aerial topdressing, variable rate

Determination of maize crop coefficients in humid climate regime using the eddy covariance technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Facchi ◽  
O. Gharsallah ◽  
C. Corbari ◽  
D. Masseroni ◽  
M. Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Eddy Covariance Technique ◽  
Crop Coefficients

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation on N2O Emissions in a Maize Crop Grown on Different Soil Types in Two Contrasting Seasons

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Paul Di Tommasi ◽  
Mauro Mori ◽  
Vincenzo Magliulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Content

Crop management and soil properties affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cropping systems. Irrigation is one of the agronomical management practices that deeply affects soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Careful management of irrigation, also concerning to soil type, might mitigate the emissions of this powerful GHG from agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean area, despite the relevance of the agricultural sector to the overall economy and sustainable development, the topic of N2O emissions does not have the same importance as N2O fluxes in temperate agricultural areas. Only some research has discussed N2O emissions from Mediterranean cropping systems. Therefore, in this study, N2O emissions from different soil types (sandy-loam and clay soils) were analyzed in relation to the irrigation of a maize crop grown in two contrasting seasons (2009–2010). The irrigation was done using a center pivot irrigation system about twice a week. The N2O emissions were monitored throughout the two-years of maize crop growth. The emissions were measured with the accumulation technique using eight static chambers (four chambers per site). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of ammonium sulphate and urea with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) nitrification inhibitors. In 2009, the N2O emissions and crop biomass measured in both soil types were lower than those measured in 2010. This situation was a lower amount of water and nitrogen (N) available to the crop. In 2010, the N2O fluxes were higher in the clay site than those in the sandy-loam site after the first fertilization, whereas an opposite trend was found after the second fertilization. The soil temperature, N content, and soil humidity were the main drivers for N2O emission during 2009, whereas during 2010, only the N content and soil humidity affected the nitrous oxide emissions. The research has demonstrated that crop water management deeply affects soil N2O emissions, acting differently for denitrification and nitrification. The soil properties affect N2O emission by influencing the microclimate conditions in the root zone, conditioning the N2O production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document