Q-sort assessment vs visual analog scale in the evaluation of smile esthetics

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. S61-S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Schabel ◽  
James A. McNamara ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Tiziano Baccetti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Q Sort

scholarly journals Perception and Characterization of Posed Smile: A Photographic Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 030157422096341
Author(s):  
Sukhpal Kaur ◽  
Sanjeev Soni ◽  
Anil Prashar ◽  
and Rajdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maxillary Tooth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Aims of the Study: The aims of the study are: (a) to compare the perceptions of dental specialists and laypeople regarding smile esthetics; (b) to compare male and female smile parameters; (c) to find influence of smile parameters on esthetics of smile. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) of age 18 to 25 years. Frontal posed photographs of all subjects were taken using a digital camera and rated on a visual analog scale by 10 dental specialists and 10 laypersons. Measurements made on photographs were used to analyze various parameters of smile, such as buccal corridor space, smile arc, modified smile index, anterior height of smile, most posterior maxillary tooth visible, and midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Results: Visual analog scale values showed that 6 photographs were rated as very good (3 males, 3 females), 29 as good (11 males, 18 females), 21 as average (13 males, 8 females), and 4 photographs were rated as bad (3 males, 1 female). A high correlation was observed between ratings of dental specialists and layperson’s ratings for both male and female smiles. Most of the subjects had non-consonant smile arc, and a high correlation was found between buccal corridor space on right and left sides in both males and females. Most of the male and female smiles had an average anterior height of smile; permanent maxillary first molar was the last tooth visible during smile (73.3% females, 66.7 males); and 55% subjects had coincident midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in perception of dental specialists and laypersons regarding esthetics of smile. Smile arc and anterior height of smile influenced the esthetics of smile. No significant difference was found between male and female smile parameters except modified smile index.

scholarly journals Does the presence of unilateral gingival recession on maxillary canines influence smile esthetics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bruna Alecrim Figueiredo ◽  
Joanna Betrine Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Andre Wilson Machado
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
White Female ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Photo Album ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Scale Data

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to determine orthodontists’, periodontists’, and laypersons’ perception of smile esthetics, regarding the presence of different levels of gingival recession on the maxillary left canine. Material and Methods: Two close-up smile images (frontal and oblique) of a white female were selected for this study. The images were digitally altered to create different levels of gingival recession on maxillary left canine, in 0.5-mm increments. They were randomly arranged into a photo album that was shown to 135 evaluators: 45 orthodontists, 45 periodontists, and 45 laypersons. Each evaluator was asked to rate the smile attractiveness, using to a visual analog scale. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and Student t-test. Results: According to the orthodontists and periodontists, all levels of recession were considered as unesthetic in both types of images. According to the laypersons, gingival recession > 1.5 mm in the frontal image and > 1.0 mm in the oblique image were considered unesthetic. Conclusion: The results showed that the presence of unilateral gingival recession on maxillary canines may negatively influence smile attractiveness, depending on the evaluator type and the level of the recession.

scholarly journals BUCCAL CORRIDOR YANG LEBIH MENARIK PADA ESTETIK SENYUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nety Trisnawaty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Smile Aesthetics ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Background: The objectives of orthodontic treatment are not only to obtain functional occlusion but also to improve facial and dental aesthetics. Three aspects of smile aesthetics have recently received great attention: the amount of gingival display, the presence of the smile arc, and buccal corridor spaces.The purpose of this study was to evaluation that the amount of buccal corridor on smile esthetics of dentists and dental students.Method: The population and subjects this study were dentists and dentalstudents of dental school from Faculty of Dentistry University Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dentists and  dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors.Result: There was no significant different in judging the effect of buccal  corridors on the smile attractiveness between dentists and dental students.Conclusion: Both the dentists and dental students preferred medium sizes of buccal corridor (buccal corridor 15%).

INFLUENCE OF SYMMETRIC & ASYMMETRIC ALTERATIONS OF MAXILLARY CANINE POSITION ON THE PERCEPTION OF SMILE ESTHETICS BY DENTISTS & LAYPERSONS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
S.Anitha Rao ◽  
Kolli Tejaswi Chowdary ◽  
Nanditha Nandagiri ◽  
C.S. Soonu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Smile Esthetics

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the perception of smile esthetics in symmetric & asymmetric alterations of maxillary canine position by dentists and laypersons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Close-up smile photograph of an Indian female was selected. The image was altered digitally & the canine vertical position was modied. A total of 9 images were obtained & were evaluated by 35 dentists and by 35 laypersons who determined the attractiveness of each smile using a Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: For both dentists and laypersons; the symmetric & asymmetric alterations in canine vertical positions had a statistically signicant correlation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For both dentists and laypersons the most attractive smile was the standard smile and the smile that was least attractive was with bilateral 1 mm extrusion. Dentists were more critical in their assessment.

scholarly journals Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception?

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Bretas Cabral Menezes ◽  
Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt ◽  
Andre Wilson Machado
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and layperson, with respect to different maxillary central incisors vertical positions in full-face and close-up smile analyses. METHODS: Frontal photographs of the smiles of two adult women were used. Images were altered to create a symmetrical image with the gingival margin levels of the maxillary canines matching the central incisors and a 1.0-mm central-to-lateral incisal step. Later, the images were altered in order to create six different central incisor vertical positions in 0.5-mm increments. The images were randomly assembled in an album, which was given to 114 judges, 57 orthodontists and 57 laypersons, who were asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images using the visual analog scale. The data collected were statistically analyzed by means of 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test and the Student t test. RESULTS: The highest rated smiles showed two notable characteristics: a) the central incisor gingival margins matched or were 0.5 mm below the line of the canine gingival margins and; b) the central-to-lateral incisal step was 1.0 to 1.5 mm. The worst smiles showed two notable characteristics: a) the central incisor gingival margins were 1.0 mm above or 1.5 mm below the canine gingival margins and; b) no step between the centrals and laterals or a 2.5-mm step. CONCLUSION: The vertical position of the maxillary central incisors significantly affected the perception of the smile esthetics, whereas slightly extruded central incisors were more esthetically preferred than intruded.

scholarly journals Effects of Buccal Corridors on Smile Esthetics in Japanese

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ioi ◽  
Shunsuke Nakata ◽  
Amy L. Counts
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Smile Esthetics ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the amount of buccal corridor has no influence on smile evaluations of Japanese orthodontists and dental students. Materials and Methods: One photograph of a smiling female, displaying first molar to first molar, was constructed. Buccal corridors were modified digitally in 5% increments, from 0% to 25% buccal corridor compared with the inner commissural width. Using a visual analog scale (VAS), 32 Japanese orthodontists and 55 Japanese dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was conducted to compare the distributions of the median scores between the male and female raters for each of the rater groups. Differences in the median esthetic scores were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. We used 15% VAS difference to determine the clinical significance of the esthetic scores. Results: There was no significant difference in judging the effects of buccal corridors on the smile attractiveness between the male and female raters for both the orthodontists and dental students. There were significant differences in the median esthetic scores for both the orthodontists and dental students. The median esthetic score decreased to become clinically significant from 10% to 25% buccal corridor for both the orthodontists and dental students. Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. Both the orthodontists and dental students preferred broader smiles to medium or narrow smiles.

scholarly journals Impact of brackets on smile esthetics: laypersons and orthodontists perception

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seandra Cordeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel D'Aurea Furquim ◽  
Adilson Luiz Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Ceramic Bracket ◽  
Smile Esthetics

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of orthodontic appliances on smile esthetics assessed by lay adolescents, lay adults and orthodontists. METHODS: A facial photograph of a smiling young woman was used under the following conditions: With metal orthodontic brackets ligated by different elastic ligature colors (green, red and gray), with ceramic bracket brackets (transparent elastic ligature) and without brackets, totaling five 15 x 20 cm pictures. For the photograph assessment, 16 lay adolescents, 16 lay adults and 16 orthodontists were randomly selected. The photographs were randomly arranged in an album, followed by a visual analog scale (VAS) for the scores registration. Scores in both evaluations of each group of evaluators (adolescents, adults and orthodontists) were submitted to error analysis by WILCOXON test and multiple comparison among groups performed by Kruskal - Wallis at 5% significance. RESULTS: Orthodontists, adults and adolescents agreed in their opinions, although the orthodontists gave lower scores in their assessments. It could be observed that ceramic brackets were more acceptable concerning the smile esthetics, whereas the metal brackets received the lowest scores. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists, adults and even adolescents seem to prefer esthetic solutions during orthodontic treatment.

Dreierkombination (Thomapyrin®) ist wirksamer bei Kopfschmerzen als Monosubstanzen und Zweierkombination

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 626-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pfaffenrath ◽  
L. Pageler ◽  
H. Peil ◽  
B. Aicher ◽  
H. C. Diener
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Visuelle Analogskala ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Intensity Difference

ZusammenfassungDie Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit einer Einzelgabe von zwei Tabletten der fixen Dreierkombination mit 250 mg Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS) plus 200 mg Paracetamol plus 50 mg Koffein (Thomapyrin®) gegenüber zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg ASS, oder zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg Paracetamol, oder zwei Tabletten mit 50 mg Koffein beziehungsweise Plazebo wurde in einer klinischen Studie an 1 743 Patienten geprüft, die ihre episodischen Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp oder ihre Migräne mit und ohne Aura üblicherweise erfolgreich mit verschreibungsfreien Analgetika behandeln. Die Dreierkombination war im a priori definierten primären Endpunkt “Zeit bis zu 50% Schmerzreduktion” sowohl der Zweierkombination aus ASS plus Paracetamol (p = 0,0181), als auch den Monoanalgetika ASS (p = 0,0398) und Paracetamol (p = 0,0016), sowie auch der Monotherapie mit Koffein (p < 0,0001) und Plazebo (p < 0,0001) überlegen. Alle Behandlungen außer der Koffein-Monotherapie waren der Plazebobehandlung überlegen (p < 0,0001). Die überlegene Wirksamkeit der Dreierkombination gilt auch für alle sekundären Endpunkte wie beispielsweise der “Verringerung der Kopfschmerzen auf 10 mm VAS (visual analog scale = visuelle Analogskala zur Schmerzmessung), dem gewichteten % SPID (sum of pain intensity difference = aufsummierte Schmerzintensitätsdifferenz gegenüber dem Ausgangsschmerz in Prozent), dem Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung der alltäglichen Aktivitäten und der globalen Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit durch die Patienten. Alle Behandlungen waren gut verträglich, die Inzidenz von unerwünschten Begleiterscheinungen war gering.

Perceived Tension, Movement, and Pleasantness in Harmonic Musical Intervals and Noises

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Costa ◽  
Mattia Nese
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Psychophysical Procedure ◽  
Preliminary Study

Perceived valence, tension, and movement of harmonic musical intervals (from the unison to the octave presented in a low- and high-register) and standard noises (brown, pink, white, blue, purple) were assessed in two studies that differed in the crossmodal procedure by which tension and movement were rated: proprioceptive device or visual analog scale. Valence was evaluated in both studies with the visual analog scale. In a preliminary study, the proprioceptive device was calibrated with a psychophysical procedure. Roughness of the stimuli was included as covariate. Tension was perceived higher in dissonant intervals and in intervals presented in the high register. The higher the high-pitch energy content in the standard noise, the higher the perceived tension. The visual analog scale resulted in higher tension ratings than the proprioceptive device. Perception of movement was higher in dissonant intervals, in intervals in the high register, and in standard noises than in musical intervals. High-pitch spectrum noises were associated with more sense of movement than low-pitch spectrum noises. Consonant intervals and low-register intervals were evaluated as more pleasant than dissonant and high-register intervals. High-pitch spectrum purple and blue noises were evaluated as more unpleasant than low-pitch spectrum noises.

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