Effects of biotin and nicotinamide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism and milk production of transition dairy cows

Effects of feeding calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or trans octadecenoic acids (trans 18[ratio ]1) on lipid metabolism and hepatic contents of mRNA encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were examined in 15 early post-partum Holstein cows. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 4 weeks prior to expected calving dates and continued for 7 weeks post partum. Treatments prepartum consisted of 1) a basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet+150 g/d of CLA mix (CLA), or 3) basal diet+150 g/d of trans 18[ratio ]1 mix (TRANS). Intakes of calcium salts of CLA and trans 18[ratio ]1 mixes were adjusted to 225 g/d during the 7-week post-partum treatment period. Blood samples were collected at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post partum and plasma was harvested immediately for subsequent hormone and metabolite assays. Concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and leptin in blood did not vary among cows fed the three diets. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations decreased between weeks 1 and 4 of lactation and were lower in cows fed the diet supplemented with trans 18[ratio ]1 than in those fed a control diet at week 2 post partum. Periparturient fat supplementation had no detectable effects on CPT1 mRNA content in the liver. Steady-state concentration of MTP mRNA in the liver was greater in the TRANS treatment group than in the control group at week 1 post partum. Feeding trans 18[ratio ]1 supplements to transition dairy cows upregulated hepatic PPARα mRNA content during the first month of lactation. Under the present experimental conditions, dietary CLA had minimal effects on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolite concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows. Results indicate that dietary trans fatty acids may affect liver lipid metabolism in post-partum dairy cows through alterations in PPARα gene expression.

Download Full-text

Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Suping Zou ◽

Hongyan Ding ◽

Ning Hao ◽

Yingying Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Protein Abundance ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Dairy cows usually experience negative energy balance coupled with an increased incidence of fatty liver during the periparturient period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the target mRNA and protein expressions and activities related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 7 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). Compared with the control group, fatty liver cows had greater concentrations of cholesterol and TG along with the typically vacuolated appearance and greater lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, fatty liver cows had greater mRNA and protein abundance related to hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acyl-CoA carbrolase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipid transport proteins Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) (p < 0.05). However, they had lower mRNA and protein abundance associated with fatty acid β-oxidation proteins SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα), acyl-CoA 1 (ACO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) decreased and mRNA and protein abundance of p45 nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (p45 NF-E2)-related factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) decreased (p < 0.05). Lower enzyme activities of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, SREBP-1c and Mn SOD (p < 0.05) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in dairy cows with fatty liver. These results demonstrate that decreased SIRT1 associated with hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Hence, SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the fatty liver disease in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Dry period plane of energy: Effects on feed intake, energy balance, milk production, and composition in transition dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2014-9024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 3366-3382 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

S. Mann ◽

F.A.Leal Yepes ◽

T.R. Overton ◽

J.J. Wakshlag ◽

A.L. Lock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Period ◽

Transition Dairy Cows

Download Full-text

Glucose and lipid metabolism are modified by short‐term alterations to milking frequency in grazing dairy cows

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.716.6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Talia M Grala ◽

Claire V C Phyn ◽

Jane K Kay ◽

Agustin G. Rius ◽

Mathew D. Littlejohn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Short Term ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Milking Frequency ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

Download Full-text

PSXIV-15 The effects of body condition score on the milk production and energy balance of transition dairy cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 472-472

Author(s):

YangYi Hao

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Condition Score

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of body condition score (BCS) on the milk production and energy balance of transition dairy cows. Seventy-five multiparous dairy cows were separated into four groups according to the BCS, HH (4.25 ± 0.23 and 3.35 ± 0.19 BCS, pre and postpartum, respectively, n = 17), HM (4.14 ± 0.15 and 2.92 ± 0.24, n = 19), MM (3.10 ± 0.21 and 2.78 ± 0.17, n = 23), ML (2.88 ± 0.23 and 2.46 ± 0.19, n = 16). The milk yield, rumen pH, etc., data were collected and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA model in SAS (SAS version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The ML group had a higher milk yield and total solid yield than the MM group (P < 0.05), while the HH and HM groups had no difference with other groups. The HM and ML groups had a higher milk fat content than the MM group (P < 0.05), while the HH group had no difference with other groups. Milk protein content in the HH group was higher than the ML group (P < 0.05). The milk lactose, total solids, urea content in these groups had no difference. The ML group had a higher milk acetone content than the HH group (P < 0.05). The BCS change in the HH and HM groups was higher than the MM and ML groups, and that in the ML group was higher than the MM group (P < 0.05). The rumen pH had no difference within these groups. These findings collectively indicated the prepartum dairy cow with middle BCS would have a more efficient body fat utilization and a better milk production performance. Furthermore, reducing body fat loss is necessary to avoid the negative energy balance.

Download Full-text