Heterogeneous acid catalyst based on sulfated iron ore tailings for oleic acid esterification

2020 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 117624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Duarte Prates ◽  
Fabiane Carvalho Ballotin ◽  
Henrique Limborço ◽  
José Domingos Ardisson ◽  
Rochel Montero Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Esterification

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-solvent on Esterification of Oleic Acid Using Amberlyst 15 as Solid Acid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghazali ◽  
Adi Kusmayadi ◽  
Resza Diwansyah Putra ◽  
Nina Marlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Acid Esterification

The oleic acid solubility in methanol is low due to two phase separation, and this causes a slow reaction time in biodiesel production. Tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent can decrease the interfacial surface tension between methanol and oleic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of co-solvent, methanol to oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, and temperature of the reaction to the free fatty acid conversion. Oleic acid esterification was conducted by mixing oleic acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst in a batch reactor. The Amberlyst 15 used had an exchange capacity of 2.57 meq/g. Significant free fatty acid conversion increments occur on biodiesel production using co-solvent compared without co-solvent. The highest free fatty acid conversion was obtained over methanol to the oleic acid molar ratio of 25:1, catalyst use of 10%, the co-solvent concentration of 8%, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The highest FFA conversion was found at 28.6 %, and the steady state was reached after 60 minutes. In addition, the use of Amberlyst 15 oleic acid esterification shows an excellent performance as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic activity was maintained after 4 times repeated use and reduced slightly in the fifth use.

scholarly journals Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber-Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Oleic Acid: Effect of Different Transition Metal Sulfate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Shamala Gowri Krishnan ◽  
Fei-ling Pua ◽  
Kumaran Palanisamy ◽  
Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar ◽  
Koguleshun Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Metal Sulfate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

This paper presents the investigation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber-supported heterogeneous acid catalyst that was prepared via direct impregnation method by using various types of transition metal sulfates, including Fe2(SO4)3, NiSO4.6H2O, and CuSO4. The EFB fiber-supported heterogeneous acid catalyst was applied for esterification of oleic acid. Hence, structural, chemical, morphological, and elemental properties of the catalyst were examined through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. Meanwhile, the acidity properties of each catalyst were characterized via acid density test. The prepared catalyst, which had been loaded with Fe2(SO4)3, exhibited the highest acid density up to 2.4 mmol/g. Next, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous acid catalyst was further investigated through esterification of oleic acid at 60°C with 5 wt% catalyst loading for 2 hours of reaction time. The prepared catalyst, which was loaded with Fe2(SO4)3, again displayed the high esterification conversion rate at 93.90% and was used up to five reaction cycles. 

Thermal cracking of oleic acid promoted by iron species from iron ore tailings for the production of ketones and fuels

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 122290
Author(s):  
Vivian A. Luciano ◽  
Fabiano G. de Paula ◽  
Paula S. Pinto ◽  
Caroline D. Prates ◽  
Rafael Cesar G. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings

So42- /ZrO2 Solid Super-Strong Acid Esterification Catalyst Prepared by Supersonic Wave Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3311-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Min Luo ◽  
Peng Ni Li ◽  
Dong Qiu Wu ◽  
Hui Jun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wave Technique ◽  
Acid Esterification

SO42-/ZrO2 solid super-strong acid catalyst was prepared by supersonic immersion method and the catalysts were characterized respectively by IR, BET, XRD, Element Analysis and SEM methods. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by supersonic immersion method had the larger specific surface area, the smaller grain size, the looser crystal structure, the higher surface roughness and the more border location and edge locations, which were helpful to increase the number of catalyst activity centers and was used for the esterification of polyethylene glycol oleic acid produced by oleic acid and polyethylene glycol. It also had the higher catalytic activity and longer service life.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pyrolysis Operating Condition for Deriving Corn Starch Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Santoso ◽  
Christ Michael ◽  
Hillman Wira ◽  
Maria Inggrid
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

Biodiesel can be produced from various oils and fats. Due to possibility of diversion of edible oils from feedstocks to raw materials for biodiesel production, which may lead to food crisis, it is preferable to choosenon-edible oils as raw material for biodiesel production. As a country rich in natural resources, Indonesia has avast amount and variety of non-edible fatty-oil production plants. However, non-edible oils usually have highfree fatty acid (FFA) contents. Oils with high FFA contents cannot be converted directly to biodiesel using aconventional alkaline catalyzed process due to saponification problem. To avoid this problem, the high FFAcontents in the oils must be reduced via esterification process using acid catalyst. The use of homogeneous acidcatalyst in this process can be very corrosive and not environmentally friendly while the use of commerciallyavailable heterogeneous acid catalyst can be very expensive. In this research, a heterogeneous acid catalystsuitable for biodiesel production will be derived from corn starch through pyrolysis followed by sulphonationprocesses. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of pyrolysis temperature and time to the aciddensity of the catalyst and the activity of the catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid using a 22 factorial designwith 3 center points experimental design. It is found that the catalyst obtained from pyrolysis at 400°C for 15hours has the optimum–HSO3 content of 5.9% which corresponds to the highest average conversion of theesterification of oleic acid of 97.45%.

scholarly journals Sulfonated Carbon Material as An Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis via Oleic Acid Esterification Under High Voltage Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdavi ◽  
Amir hosein Darab
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reusable Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Short Times ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

Sulfonated carbon was used as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel via esterification of oleic acid with methanol under high voltage conditions. Using an inexpensive and reusable catalyst, environmental benignity, excellent yields in short times, synthesis in atmospheric pressure and low temperature conditions are some of the important features of this protocol. In the final results were confirmed by GC.

Natural Phosphate Supported Titania as a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst for Oleic Acid Esterification

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (20) ◽  
pp. 5821-5832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Essamlali ◽  
Mohamed Larzek ◽  
Bilal Essaid ◽  
Mohamed Zahouily
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Acid Esterification
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