Electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton degradation of indigo carmine in acidic aqueous medium

The aim of this study was to determine whether autologous erythrocyte suspension can be used as a dye for evaluation of tubal patency and whether it has any advantages over methylene blue or indigo carmine solutions. Reproductively healthy female nulliparous Wistar Albino rats (n = 30), aged 6 months, mass 165-195 g, were assigned randomly to three groups. Rats received a 1 ml i.p. injection of 5% (w/v) methylene blue solution (methylene blue group: n = 10), 5% (w/v) indigo carmine solution (indigo carmine group: n = 10) or 5% (v/v) fresh autologous erythrocyte suspension (autologous erythrocyte group: n = 10). At 4 weeks after injection, a small sterile opening was made in the peritoneal cavity of each rat. The cavity was rinsed once with TCM-199 to collect macrophages. The rinsed peritoneal contents were cultured overnight to evaluate macrophage activation. The peritoneal opening was expanded for evaluation of adhesion formation. Only one rat from the autologous erythrocyte group had intra-peritoneal adhesions (score 2), whereas all rats in the methylene blue group (score 1: n = 1; score 2: n = 4; score 3: n = 4; and score 4: n = 1) and seven rats in the indigo carmine group (score 1: n = 1; score 2: n = 2; score 3: n = 3; and score 4: n = 1) had intra-abdominal adhesions. Macrophage activity was observed in the cultured peritoneal contents collected from the methylene blue and indigo carmine groups but not from the autologous erythrocyte group. Adhesion formation could be due to macrophage activation caused by methylene blue and indigo carmine solutions. These results indicate that tubal patency can be observed by laparoscopy using autologous erythrocyte suspension. The results of this study are believed to be the first to indicate that a patient's own erythrocyte suspension could be used during observation of tubal patency by laparoscopy. However, further studies are required.

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Changes of Magnetic Characteristics of iron Oxides and Hydroxides in Aqueous Medium

Mineralogical Journal ◽

10.15407/mineraljournal.39.01.046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

T. SAVCHENKO ◽

◽

A. GRECHANOVSKY ◽

A. BRIK ◽

N. DUDCHENKO

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Medium ◽

Iron Oxides ◽

Magnetic Characteristics

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Synthesis of HTCMgFe for the degradation of indigo carmine through heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2020.421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (62) ◽

pp. 3273-3282

Author(s):

I. Cosme-Torres ◽

M.G. Macedo-Miranda ◽

S.M. Martinez-Gallegos ◽

J.C. González-Juárez ◽

G. Roa-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Uv Light ◽

Indigo Carmine ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Chromophore Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Catalytic Sites ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe heterogeneous catalyst HTCMgFe was used in the degradation of the IC, through the heterogeneous photo-fenton treatment, this material in combination with H2O2 and UV light degraded the dye in 30 min at pH 3. As the amount of HTCMgFe increases the degradation it was accelerated because there are more active catalytic sites of Fe2+ on the surface of the material, which generates a greater amount of •OH radicals. The HTCMgFe was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive elemental analysis (EDS). The UV-vis spectrum shows that the absorption bands belonging to the chromophore group of the IC disappear as the treatment time passes, indicating the degradation of the dye.

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Solar photocatalysis mediated by ZnO for the removal of last traces of Indigo carmine dye pollutant from water

International Journal of Science and Engineering Invention ◽

10.23958/ijsei/vol04-i02/02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Veena Vijayan ◽

Suguna Yesodharan ◽

E. P. Yesodharan

Keyword(s):

Indigo Carmine ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Green Technology ◽

Solar Photocatalysis ◽

Reaction Proceeds ◽

Transient Intermediates ◽

Significant Chemical ◽

Hydroxyl Free Radicals ◽

Purification Of Water

Solar photocatalysis as a potential green technology for the removal of traces of the dye pollutant Indigo carmine (IC) from water is investigated using ZnO as the catalyst. Degradation/decolorization alone does not result in complete decontamination as seen from the significant Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of water even after the parent compound has disappeared completely. The degradation proceeds through many intermediates which also get mineralized eventually but slowly. Oxalic acid is identified as a stable slow mineralizing degradation product which itself is formed from other transient intermediates. Effect of various parameters such as catalyst dosage, concentration of the dye, pH, temperature, presence of contaminant salts etc. on the degradation is investigated and quantified. Oxidants such as S2O82- and H2O2 have only moderate influence on the degradation. The degradation follows variable kinetics depending on the concentration of the substrate. The reaction proceeds very slowly in the absence of O2 indicating the importance of reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl free radicals in photocatalysis. H2O2 formed insitu in the system undergoes concurrent decomposition resulting in stabilization in its concentration. The study demonstrates that solar photocatalysis can be used as a viable tool for the purification of water contaminated with traces of IC.

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Biomimic Oxidation Kinetics of Folic Acid by Amine μ-peroxo Complex in Aqueous medium

Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.29055/jccs/530 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1196-1201

Author(s):

S. Ignatius Arockiam

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Aqueous Medium ◽

Oxidation Kinetics ◽

Peroxo Complex ◽

Kinetics Of

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Surface interaction of sweet potato peels (Ipomoea batata) with Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous medium

10.31221/osf.io/gfdht ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Medium ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽

Dissociative Mechanism ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Potato Peels

The removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium was studied using potato peels biomass. The adsorption process was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Vibrational band of the potato peels was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption process was carried out with respect to concentration, time, pH, particle size and the thermodynamic evaluation of the process was carried at temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60(0C), respectively. The FTIR studies revealed that the potato peels was composed of –OH, -NH, –C=N, –C=C and –C-O-C functional groups. The optimum removal was obtained at pH 8 and contact time of 20 min. The adsorption process followed Freundlich adsorption and pseudo second-order kinetic models with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.900. The equilibrium adsorption capacity showed that Pb(II) ion was more adsorbed on the surface of the potato peels biomass versus Cd (II) ion (200.91 mg/g > 125.00 mg/g). The thermodynamic studies indicated endothermic, dissociative mechanism and spontaneous adsorption process. This study shows that sweet potato peels is useful as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium.

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