scholarly journals Use of biomass in integrated steelmaking – Status quo, future needs and comparison to other low-CO2 steel production technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 384-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Suopajärvi ◽  
Kentaro Umeki ◽  
Elsayed Mousa ◽  
Ali Hedayati ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Production Technologies

scholarly journals Fit-for-Purpose Infrastructure Asset Management Framework for Water Utilities Facing High Uncertainties

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Assela Pathirana ◽  
Mohanasundar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Maaike Bevaart ◽  
Eric Voost ◽  
Salameh Mahasneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Water System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Infrastructure Asset Management

Traditional infrastructure asset management is about maintaining the status quo of service levels in a resource-restricted, sometimes risk-increasing environment. Infrastructure asset management (IAM) is effective in addressing resource-deprived situations and in maximizing the benefits of the utility in these contexts. This makes IAM a very appropriate and useful approach for developing countries. Hence, this paper focuses on developing a fit-for-purpose integrated asset management (IAM) framework that is suitable for situations where there are risks to assets, significant uncertainties, and resource deficits, and where improvements to the current service levels are needed. To be comprehensive in the application in these contexts, there is a need to supplement IAM with a new perspective—critical necessities, next to the risks to the status quo (current levels of service). This gap was evident during application of IAM principles to the drinking water system of Al-Mafraq, Jordan. It was overcome by framing questions on adaptation deficits and future needs that are to be answered together with risk matrix-based prioritization of asset management actions. The fit-for-purpose IAM framework comprising asset management, adaptation deficit, and future needs can ensure the continuity of service levels in emerging cities when supported through expert inputs and stakeholder consultations.

scholarly journals The Vector of Equal Costs as a Method of Studying the Process of Industrialization (according to labor productivity data in the iron and steel industry of the Urals of the late XIX – early XX centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Georgy N. Shumkin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Production Technologies

Introduction. An attempt is made to analyze the dynamics of labor productivity in the iron-making industry of the Urals using the equal cost vector during the replacement of welding iron production technologies with cast steel production technologies in open-hearth and Bessemer furnaces, as well as to determine the heuristic potential of this method. Materials and Methods. The study uses a vector of equal costs. This vector connects the points on the graph that reflect the number of two products released per unit of resource for a certain period of time. The source of the study was the “Collections of statistical data of the mining industry of Russia”. Results. The vectors of equal costs for the production of iron and steel per worker of the iron- making industries of the Urals in 1893–1911 are constructed. The periods in the development of iron-making production are highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. The method of equal cost vectors revealed the following: 1) rational use of labor in private factories and irrational in state-owned ones; 2) significant influence of the Nadezhdinsky Plant on the structure of iron-making industries; 3) a more precise chronological framework for the replacement of welding iron production technologies by open-hearth and seedless production, the influence of market conditions on this process; 4) the replacement of old technologies with new ones did not cause an increas

scholarly journals The Essence of Leadership

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-646
Author(s):  
James E Smith ◽  
Samantha Elizabeth Melroy ◽  
James Hunsucker ◽  
Allison Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Individualized Approach

Society has, as one of its base survival techniques, the reinforced training and education of its participants, beginning at an early age.  In order to manifest value to its citizenry, it acts to foster the necessary social and economic skills to maintain the current status quo.  Unfortunately, this has resulted in a reliance on complacency, leading to a more reactive, rather than proactive, culture.  In order to break society of this contentment a more proactive mode of operation will require a more individualized approach in developing specialized skills, such as leadership, within its population.  Leadership, a basic survival instinct in men and women, has the potential to provide individuals with the proactive capability to solve problems more effectively and to anticipate the future needs of the societies they guide.  This paper addresses these issues and provides an example of a practice routine for improving the leadership capabilities of our youth.

New Technologies of Energy Saving and Low CO2 Emission for Iron Making

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 957-961
Author(s):  
Xiu Wei An ◽  
Jing Song Wang ◽  
Xue Feng She ◽  
Yin Gui Ding ◽  
Qing Guo Xue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Oxygen Blast Furnace ◽  
The World ◽  
Oxygen Blast

Energy saving has drawn more and more attention of the world due to the pressure of the environment and society. Metallurgy is one of the biggest energy consumption industries, accounting for about 16% of the total industry, basically the same ratio as the emission of CO2 and other pollutants. About 70% of total energy for steel production is consumed in iron-making process with the same ratio of CO2 discharged, so it has a great significance to achieve energy saving and low CO2 emission in iron-making process. The new iron-making technologies with energy saving and low CO2 emission such as oxygen blast furnace, ITmk3, application of waste plastics and biomass in iron-making, were introduced in the present work. Particularly, the latest research progress, merit and demerit were compared, and the contribution of the different technologies to low CO2 emission and the energy saving were analyzed.

scholarly journals Challenges and Outlines of Steelmaking toward the Year 2030 and Beyond—Indian Perspective

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Sethu Prasanth Shanmugam ◽  
Viswanathan N. Nurni ◽  
Sambandam Manjini ◽  
Sanjay Chandra ◽  
Lauri E. K. Holappa
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Top Gas Recycling ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

In FY-20, India’s steel production was 109 MT, and it is the second-largest steel producer on the planet, after China. India’s per capita consumption of steel was around 75 kg, which has risen from 59 kg in FY-14. Despite the increase in consumption, it is much lower than the average global consumption of 230 kg. The per capita consumption of steel is one of the strongest indicators of economic development across the nation. Thus, India has an ambitious plan of increasing steel production to around 250 MT and per capita consumption to around 160 kg by the year 2030. Steel manufacturers in India can be classified based on production routes as (a) oxygen route (BF/BOF route) and (b) electric route (electric arc furnace and induction furnace). One of the major issues for manufacturers of both routes is the availability of raw materials such as iron ore, direct reduced iron (DRI), and scrap. To achieve the level of 250 MT, steel manufacturers have to focus on improving the current process and product scenario as well as on research and development activities. The challenge to stop global warming has forced the global steel industry to strongly cut its CO2 emissions. In the case of India, this target will be extremely difficult by ruling in the production duplication planned by the year 2030. This work focuses on the recent developments of various processes and challenges associated with them. Possibilities and opportunities for improving the current processes such as top gas recycling, increasing pulverized coal injection, and hydrogenation as well as the implementation of new processes such as HIsarna and other CO2-lean iron production technologies are discussed. In addition, the eventual transition to hydrogen ironmaking and “green” electricity in smelting are considered. By fast-acting improvements in current facilities and brave investments in new carbon-lean technologies, the CO2 emissions of the Indian steel industry can peak and turn downward toward carbon-neutral production.

scholarly journals Techno-economic evaluation of innovative steel production technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Fischedick ◽  
Joachim Marzinkowski ◽  
Petra Winzer ◽  
Max Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Production Technologies

Well-To-Wheel Analysis of Solar Hydrogen Production and Utilization for Passenger Car Transportation

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remo Felder ◽  
Anton Meier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Fossil Resource ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production ◽  
Car Transportation

A well-to-wheel analysis is conducted for solar hydrogen production, transport, and usage in future passenger car transportation. Solar hydrogen production methods and selected conventional production technologies are examined using a life cycle assessment. Utilization of hydrogen in fuel cells is compared with advanced gasoline and diesel powertrains. Solar scenarios show distinctly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than fossil-based scenarios. For example, using solar hydrogen in fuel cell cars reduces life cycle GHG emissions by 70% compared to advanced fossil fuel powertrains and by more than 90% if car and road infrastructure are not considered. Solar hydrogen production allows a reduction of fossil energy requirements by a factor of up to 10 compared to using conventional technologies. Major environmental impacts are associated with the construction of the steel-intensive infrastructure for solar energy collection due to mineral and fossil resource consumption as well as discharge of pollutants related to today’s steel production technology.

scholarly journals Production of Sustainable Hydrogen and Carbon for the Metallurgical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Roar Jensen ◽  
Casper van der Eijk ◽  
Aud N. Wærnes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

Hydrogen will presumably become an important substitute for carbon as a reductant in the metallurgical industry for processes such as steel production. However, the challenge to supply enough CO2-free hydrogen for metallurgical processes has not been resolved yet. This paper reviews different production technologies for hydrogen and their advantages and drawbacks. Additionally, it will highlight the development of plasma technology to produce hydrogen and carbon black which has been taking place at SINTEF during the last 30 years.

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