scholarly journals Production of Sustainable Hydrogen and Carbon for the Metallurgical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Roar Jensen ◽  
Casper van der Eijk ◽  
Aud N. Wærnes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

Hydrogen will presumably become an important substitute for carbon as a reductant in the metallurgical industry for processes such as steel production. However, the challenge to supply enough CO2-free hydrogen for metallurgical processes has not been resolved yet. This paper reviews different production technologies for hydrogen and their advantages and drawbacks. Additionally, it will highlight the development of plasma technology to produce hydrogen and carbon black which has been taking place at SINTEF during the last 30 years.

Microstructure Modelling of Solid-State Transformations in Low-Alloy Steel Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2782-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giuseppina Mecozzi ◽  
C. Bos ◽  
J. Sietsma
Keyword(s):  
Dual Phase Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Microstructural Band ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

In this work the formation of microstructural banding in a dual-phase steel is investigated by using a three-dimensional cellular automata model for phase transformations. Originally developed for describing the metallurgical processes occurring during the annealing stage of cold-rolled strips, this model is presently applied to investigate microstructural-band formation during the austenite-to-ferrite transformation kinetics during cooling after hot rolling. The recent incorporation in the model of an inhomogeneous concentration of Mn, the alloying element most responsible for the development of microstructural banding, and the local nucleation behaviour dependent on the Mn concentration allows the study of the effect of material and process parameters on the banding formation.

scholarly journals The Vector of Equal Costs as a Method of Studying the Process of Industrialization (according to labor productivity data in the iron and steel industry of the Urals of the late XIX – early XX centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Georgy N. Shumkin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Production Technologies

Introduction. An attempt is made to analyze the dynamics of labor productivity in the iron-making industry of the Urals using the equal cost vector during the replacement of welding iron production technologies with cast steel production technologies in open-hearth and Bessemer furnaces, as well as to determine the heuristic potential of this method. Materials and Methods. The study uses a vector of equal costs. This vector connects the points on the graph that reflect the number of two products released per unit of resource for a certain period of time. The source of the study was the “Collections of statistical data of the mining industry of Russia”. Results. The vectors of equal costs for the production of iron and steel per worker of the iron- making industries of the Urals in 1893–1911 are constructed. The periods in the development of iron-making production are highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. The method of equal cost vectors revealed the following: 1) rational use of labor in private factories and irrational in state-owned ones; 2) significant influence of the Nadezhdinsky Plant on the structure of iron-making industries; 3) a more precise chronological framework for the replacement of welding iron production technologies by open-hearth and seedless production, the influence of market conditions on this process; 4) the replacement of old technologies with new ones did not cause an increas

scholarly journals A Study of Anti-Radiation Weaving Fabric with Plasma Corona Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra ◽  
Irwan Irwan ◽  
Ichsan Purnama ◽  
Juliany Ningsih Mohamad ◽  
Yusril Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Plasma Corona ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Corona Treatment

<p>In this research, Carbon black particles were applied on the woven fabric by the knife coating technique and pretreatment using plasma corona discharge to build-up conductive cotton-polyester (CVC 50%) fabric electromagnetic shielding material. This paper describes the making of anti-radiation weaving fabric using plasma technology. The anti-radiation patch was developed by first modifying the textile fabric's surface using atmospheric pressure plasma technology using tip-cylinder electrode configuration. The plasma corona discharge was generated using high voltage electricity with asymmetrical electrodes (tip and cylinder). The treated weaving fabric using plasma was then coated with carbon black ink. This research indicates that an anti-radiation weaving fabric was successfully shielded electromagnetic radiation from an electronic device.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges and Outlines of Steelmaking toward the Year 2030 and Beyond—Indian Perspective

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Sethu Prasanth Shanmugam ◽  
Viswanathan N. Nurni ◽  
Sambandam Manjini ◽  
Sanjay Chandra ◽  
Lauri E. K. Holappa
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Top Gas Recycling ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

In FY-20, India’s steel production was 109 MT, and it is the second-largest steel producer on the planet, after China. India’s per capita consumption of steel was around 75 kg, which has risen from 59 kg in FY-14. Despite the increase in consumption, it is much lower than the average global consumption of 230 kg. The per capita consumption of steel is one of the strongest indicators of economic development across the nation. Thus, India has an ambitious plan of increasing steel production to around 250 MT and per capita consumption to around 160 kg by the year 2030. Steel manufacturers in India can be classified based on production routes as (a) oxygen route (BF/BOF route) and (b) electric route (electric arc furnace and induction furnace). One of the major issues for manufacturers of both routes is the availability of raw materials such as iron ore, direct reduced iron (DRI), and scrap. To achieve the level of 250 MT, steel manufacturers have to focus on improving the current process and product scenario as well as on research and development activities. The challenge to stop global warming has forced the global steel industry to strongly cut its CO2 emissions. In the case of India, this target will be extremely difficult by ruling in the production duplication planned by the year 2030. This work focuses on the recent developments of various processes and challenges associated with them. Possibilities and opportunities for improving the current processes such as top gas recycling, increasing pulverized coal injection, and hydrogenation as well as the implementation of new processes such as HIsarna and other CO2-lean iron production technologies are discussed. In addition, the eventual transition to hydrogen ironmaking and “green” electricity in smelting are considered. By fast-acting improvements in current facilities and brave investments in new carbon-lean technologies, the CO2 emissions of the Indian steel industry can peak and turn downward toward carbon-neutral production.

scholarly journals Prospects for using boron in metallurgy. Report 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-476
Author(s):  
V. I. Zhuchkov ◽  
O. V. Zayakin ◽  
A. A. Akberdin
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Boron Oxide ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Blast Furnace Smelting ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

On the basis of literature and our own data, the effect of boron on characteristics of all stages of metallurgical processes (from sintering, smelting of cast iron and ferroalloys, to steel production) and on the properties of the resulting slag and metal was studied. To intensify the pellets hardening at the stage of liquid-phase sintering and to improve their metallurgical properties, it is sufficient to have 0.20 – 0.35 % of boron oxide in them. According to the laboratory studies, the presence of boron oxide in pellets increases their compressive strength by 1.5 – 1.7 times and hot strength by 3 – 4 times. While studying the mechanism and kinetics of sulfur removal, it was shown that the presence of boric anhydride significantly intensifies processes of pellets desulfurization. Their intensive progress goes to the zones of lower temperatures of 1050 – 1100 °С. To increase the sinter strength characteristics, it is possible to add B2O3 to the charge. The introduction of 0.44 % of B2O3 does not affect the sinter abrasion. The content of fines (0 – 5 mm) in comparison with the base sample is reduced by 1.5 times. The use of boron pellets in blast-furnace smelting makes it possible to increase the basicity of the final slag from 1.10 to 1.16. In this regard, the sulfur distribution coefficient increases from 48 to 74. The sulfur content in cast iron decreases by 0.005 %. The possibility of using boron and its compounds to improve the technical and economic indicators of production and the quality of pellets, sinter and cast iron is shown on the base of the presented theoretical, laboratory-experimental and industrial data.

scholarly journals USE OF THERMAL IMAGING TESTS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Charge Preparation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Testing Method

The paper presents the possibilities and selected examples of practical use of the thermal imaging technique in the metallurgical industry as a non-invasive testing method for measuring temperature distribution on the surface of the examined object. This method can be used in all stages of steel production, from charge preparation to finished product, as well as diagnostics of technical devices. The paper emphasises the non-invasive nature of the examination, which does not disturb the production cycle.

Physical Modelling of Metallurgical Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 1685-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Saternus ◽  
Jacek Pieprzyca ◽  
Tomasz Merder
Keyword(s):  
Processing Condition ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Steel Metallurgy ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The One ◽  
Steel Flow ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

Today physical modelling is a commonly used tool in modelling metallurgical processes. It can be applied both in steel metallurgy and non-ferrous metals metallurgy processes. It gives the opportunity to determine the hydrodynamic conditions of the processes. Although, the flow of mass and gas is not totally presented by such modelling, this kind of research is very often and willingly used. That is because it is really difficult to conduct experimental research in industrial conditions. Typically water is used as a modelling agent, so the physical modelling is not as expensive as the one carried out in industrial conditions. To obtain representative research from physical modelling the physical models have to be built according to the strict rules coming from the theory of similarity. The results obtained from the experimental test on the physical model, after verification, can be transferred to the real conditions. The article shows the obatined results coming from physical modelling of the steel production process. In the Institute of Metals Technologies of Silesian University of Technology the appropriate test stand was built to simulate the steel flow and mixing in the ladle. The visualization results have been presented. To simulate processing condition during aluminium refining additional test stand was also built. The exemplary results have been shown for different flow rate of gas, rotary impeller speed and different shapes of impellers. All presented results have been discussed and presented for the perspectives of further research.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment Using Alkali-Activated-Based Sorbents Produced from Blast Furnace Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2985
Author(s):  
Saverio Latorrata ◽  
Riccardo Balzarotti ◽  
Maria Isabella Adami ◽  
Bianca Marino ◽  
Silvia Mostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Mine Effluent ◽  
Alkaline Component ◽  
Alkali Activated

Currently, slags from secondary steel production, foundries, and blast furnaces represent a major environmental problem since they end up mainly in landfills, and their valorization would bring undeniable advantages both to environment and economy. Moreover, the removal of heavy metal ions from mines wastewater is one of the challenges of the last decades, and adsorption has been proposed as one of the most promising techniques for this purpose. In this context, the use of alkali-activated slags as sorbent can be a good opportunity to develop low cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable materials. Accordingly, wastewater decontamination by adsorption over a porous monolithic bed made of alkali-activated hydraulic binders is proposed. Alkali-activated materials were prepared using slags from the metallurgical industry and reacted with an alkaline component (high alumina calcium aluminate cement, CAC 80) at ambient conditions. The obtained monolithic foams were tested to evaluate the uptake efficiency towards metal capture. Solutions containing Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), and simulating the metal concentrations of a real mine effluent were tested, both in single- and multi-ion solutions. Promising capture efficiency, values of 80–100% and of 98–100% in the case of the single ion and of the multi-ion solutions were obtained, respectively.

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