scholarly journals The Vector of Equal Costs as a Method of Studying the Process of Industrialization (according to labor productivity data in the iron and steel industry of the Urals of the late XIX – early XX centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Georgy N. Shumkin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Production Technologies

Introduction. An attempt is made to analyze the dynamics of labor productivity in the iron-making industry of the Urals using the equal cost vector during the replacement of welding iron production technologies with cast steel production technologies in open-hearth and Bessemer furnaces, as well as to determine the heuristic potential of this method. Materials and Methods. The study uses a vector of equal costs. This vector connects the points on the graph that reflect the number of two products released per unit of resource for a certain period of time. The source of the study was the “Collections of statistical data of the mining industry of Russia”. Results. The vectors of equal costs for the production of iron and steel per worker of the iron- making industries of the Urals in 1893–1911 are constructed. The periods in the development of iron-making production are highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. The method of equal cost vectors revealed the following: 1) rational use of labor in private factories and irrational in state-owned ones; 2) significant influence of the Nadezhdinsky Plant on the structure of iron-making industries; 3) a more precise chronological framework for the replacement of welding iron production technologies by open-hearth and seedless production, the influence of market conditions on this process; 4) the replacement of old technologies with new ones did not cause an increas

scholarly journals MODERN TENDENCIES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC IRON-AND-STEEL ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Anani Atef Avad Faris
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Steel Market

The current state of development of domestic iron ore enterprises and the situation regarding the introduction and use of innovative measures are analyzed. The situation of out-dated technologies, which are used at domestic iron ore enterprises, in particular, the use of converters and open-hearth furnaces at metallurgical enterprises, is considered. It is determined that the use of outdated production technologies causes significant damage to the environment and predetermines low energy efficiency of production. The characteristics of the participants of the world steel and iron ore market are described. The dynamics of M & A deals on the world steel market is explored. On the basis of the main indicators dynamics data of the innovation activity of the mining and metallurgical complex, we have discovered that its innovation and investment development in recent years is characterized by considerable instability.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF THE DRI TECNOLOGIES AND DIRECTIONS OF ITS USAGE IN IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION (REVIEW)

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
V.I. Rudyka
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Iron And Steel Production ◽  
The Eu

The brief review of the state of modern world and european metallurgy is presented. A range of problems of current importance to european steel production is highlighted together with the role and significance of alternative technologies of hot iron production in their solution. Information reflecting the status of these technologies as well as directions of their potential usage in the EU is provided. The actuality of the above subjects for СО2 ukrainian iron and steel production is noted. Bibl. 5, Fig. 9, Tab. 1.

Technological Effects of Metallurgical Industry Restructuring in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Krystian Janiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Industry Restructuring ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

The publication presents changes occurring in technological processes of producing steel after transformation of economic system in Poland after year 1989 and conducted repair programs within restructuring of metallurgical industry of iron and steel. Changes were based on withdrawals of economically unprofitable technologies, including open hearth furnaces through expansion of electrical and converter technologies of steel manufacturing up to activities which were connected with changing the profile of manufactured assortment.

scholarly journals Management of Lime in Steel

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Manocha ◽  
François Ponchon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Refractory Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Sourcing

The EU28 total lime demand in 2017 was estimated at about 20 million tons, out of which about 40% are consumed in the iron and steel industry. Steel remains the major consumer after environment and construction. The lime industry is quite mature and consolidated in developed countries, with enough reserves and production to serve regional markets while being fragmented in developing nations where steel producers rely on local sourcing. There is relatively very little trade for lime worldwide. Lime has a critical role at different steps of the steelmaking process, and especially to make a good slag facilitating the removal of sulphur and phosphorus, and for providing a safer platform to withstand high intensity arc plasma in the electric arc furnace (EAF), and violent reactions in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Lime quality and quantity has a direct effect on slag quality, which affects metallurgical results, refractory life, liquid metal yield, and productivity, and therefore the total cost of the steel production. In this paper, we present the importance of careful selection in the limestone and calcination process, which influences critical lime quality characteristics. We shall further elaborate on the impact of lime characteristics in the optimization of the steelmaking process, metallurgical benefits, overall cost impact, potential savings, and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals The Potentials of Iron and Steel Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
O. R. Ogirigbo ◽  
J. O. Ukpata ◽  
I. Inerhunwa
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a type of Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that is currently being used extensively in the global construction industry. SCMs are cheaper than Portland cement, help to improve certain properties of concrete and also help to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the production of Portland cement. GGBS is readily available in most parts of the world as a waste product from iron and steel production. However, its use as a SCM in some countries has not been fully maximized. This is primarily because of lack of documented studies on the properties of GGBS that influences its suitability as a SCM, especially in tropical environments. This paper reviewed the use of GGBS as a SCM for the partial replacement of Portland cement, with particular emphasis on its potential use in tropical warm environments such as Nigeria and other similar countries.

scholarly journals Model for Predicting the Machinability of Continuously Cast and Subsequently Rolled Steel Using the Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Miha Kovačič ◽  
Shpetim Salihu ◽  
Uroš Župerl
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Artificial Neural

The paper presents a model for predicting the machinability of steels using the method of artificial neural networks. The model includes all indicators from the entire steel production process that best predict the machinability of continuously cast steel. Data for model development were obtained from two years of serial production of 26 steel grades from 255 batches and include seven parameters from secondary metallurgy, four parameters from the casting process, and the content of ten chemical elements. The machinability was determined based on ISO 3685, which defines the machinability of a batch as the cutting speed with a cutting tool life of 15 minutes. An artificial neural network is used to predict this cutting speed. Based on the modelling results, the steel production process was optimised. Over a 5-month period, an additional 39 batches of 20MnV6 steel were produced to verify the developed model.

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