Effects of the viewing context on target detection. Implications for road lighting design

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Mayeur ◽  
Roland Brémond ◽  
J.M. Christian Bastien
Author(s):  
Rajaram Bhagavathula ◽  
Ronald Gibbons ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum

A systems-level approach to intersection lighting design has shown that illuminating the intersection box increases drivers’ nighttime visual performance. However, for an intersection lighting design to be effective and accepted, it should not only maximize visual performance but also enhance perceived visibility and minimize glare. The goals of this study were to assess the effects of different intersection lighting designs on these two outcomes. Visibility was assessed with respect to a pedestrian, several targets, and an intersection. Perceptions of visibility and glare were measured using Likert scales, with participants exposed to multiple lighting designs on a realistic intersection. Twenty-four participants completed the study, with an equal number of younger (18–35 years) and older (65+) drivers. The lighting design that illuminated the intersection box had the highest levels of perceived target and intersection visibility and the lowest ratings of glare. For the same lighting configuration, a strong positive correlation was also found between perceived target visibility and previous results on target detection distances. In this configuration, perceived visibility plateaued between 7 and 10 lux of mean intersection illuminance. Increased levels of perceived visibility in different conditions were likely a result of size and contrast differences, and the distribution of the luminaires used. These results suggest that illuminating the intersection box has multiple benefits, in that it not only increases visual performance but also increases perceived visibility and reduces glare.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ernst ◽  
Marek Łabuz ◽  
Kamila Środa ◽  
Leszek Kotulski

The efficiency and affordability of modern street lighting equipment are improving quickly, but systems used to manage and design lighting installations seem to lag behind. One of their problems is the lack of consistent methods to integrate all relevant data. Tools used to manage lighting infrastructure are not aware of the geographic characteristics of the lit areas, and photometric calculation software requires a lot of manual editing by the designer, who needs to assess the characteristics of roads, define the segments, and assign the lighting classes according to standards. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method to integrate geospatial data from various sources to support the process of data preparation for photometric calculations. The method uses graph transformations to define segments and assign lighting classes. A prototype system was developed to conduct experiments using real-world data. The proposed approach is compared to results obtained by professional designers in a case study; the method was also applied to several European cities to assess its efficiency. The obtained results are much more fine-grained than those yielded by the traditional approach; as a result, the lighting is more adequate, especially when used in conjunction with automated optimisation tools.


Author(s):  
Sanaz Bozorg Chenani ◽  
Matti T. Vaaja ◽  
Matti Kurkela ◽  
Iisakki Kosonen ◽  
Tapio Luttinen

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ◽  
Pritha Barua ◽  
Soumendu Bhattacharjee ◽  
Saswati Mazumdar

Road lighting consumes a significant portion of global electricity. A good road lighting design ensures the fulfilment of visual requirements with optimized design. The initial step for a good road lighting design is to identify the exact lighting class of the concerned road. The existing Indian Road lighting Standard IS: 1944, 1970 is not so well defined with respect to the modern Indian roads. It demands a specific model for classifying any Indian road. This paper focuses towards the validation of a proposed model, which is a modified mathematical model as recommended by CIE: 115, 2010 for classifying the exact lighting category of the Indian roads. This paper also highlights the scope of energy saving by changing the design according to the changed lighting class during different traffic hours in night. Some innovative design is also proposed for a new road based on the proposed classification methodology.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3301
Author(s):  
Dariusz Czyżewski ◽  
Irena Fryc

This article presents the research on a road lighting design. In this kind of design for a specific type of a roadway, the number and spacing of luminaires are calculated on the basis of luminaire photometric parameters such as intensity curve (LPIC) and luminous flux. The values of these parameters are measured using the luxmeter, i.e., a measuring instrument in which the spectral sensitivity should imitate spectral sensitivity of the human eye V(λ). However, the luxmeter’s spectral sensitivity S(λ) is not perfectly matched with the required one and varies for different instruments, resulting in measurement errors. To avoid this measurement error, the spectral mismatch correction factor (SMCF) should be applied to luxmeter’s readings. For a given luxmeter, the SMCF values depend on the measured light’s spectral composition SPD (described also by the lamp’s correlated color temperature CCT). Unfortunately, many laboratories do not apply SMCF to their luxmeter readings. Typical measurement laboratories are not in possession of SMCF data as this kind of data is hard to obtain and can be provided only by the state-of-the-art photometric laboratories for a high cost. Consequently, these typical measurement laboratories provide inaccurate LPIC data to costumers. In this article, it has been shown that a design process of road lighting installations needs to be based on lighting fixture LPIC’s measurements with SMCF values being taken into account. Omitting this fact may result in road lighting installation made on the basis of a design utilizing incorrect LPIC data, which would have higher energy consumption then expected at a design stage.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Sibylle Schroer ◽  
Kat Austen ◽  
Nicola Moczek ◽  
Gregor Kalinkat ◽  
Andreas Jechow ◽  
...  

(1) The project “Tatort Streetlight” implements an insect-friendly road light design in a four year before–after, control–impact (BACI) approach involving citizen scientists. It will broaden the stakeholder interests from solely anthropogenic perspectives to include the welfare of insects and ecosystems. Motivated by the detrimental impacts of road lighting systems on insects, the project aims to find solutions to reduce the insect attraction and habitat fragmentation resulting from roadway illumination. (2) The citizen science approach invites stakeholders to take part and join forces for the development of a sustainable and environmentally friendly road lighting solution. Here, we describe the project strategy, stakeholder participation and motivation, and how the effects of the alternative road luminaire and lighting design can be evaluated. (3) The study compares the changes in (a) insect behavior, (b) night sky brightness, and (c) stakeholder participation and awareness. For this purpose, different experimental areas and stakeholders in four communities in Germany are identified. (4) The project transfers knowledge of adverse effects of improperly managed road illumination and interacts with various stakeholders to develop a new road lighting system that will consider the well-being of street users, local residents, and insects.


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