Sweet taste of saccharin induces weight gain without increasing caloric intake, not related to insulin-resistance in Wistar rats

A growing number of studies indicate an association between obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disorders, collectively known as Syndrome X. In this study we have aimed to produce a model of Syndrome X by voluntary feeding of Wistar rats with a highly palatable cafeteria diet, and examined its effects on metabolic changes and vascular reactivity of Wistar rats. At the end of the experiment, the cafeteria-diet fed group was divided into two groups of low weight gain (LWG) and high weight gain (HWG). Both LWG and HWG groups had significantly (P < 0.01) higher fat-pad mass than their chow-fed counterparts, while gastrocnemius muscle mass were comparable. All cafeteria-diet fed rats had significantly (P < 0.01) raised plasma triacylglycerol (TG) levels whereas plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and insulin levels were similar between chow-fed and cafeteria-diet fed rats. Vasorelaxation responses to acteylcholine, insulin and sodium nitroprusside were significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated in cafeteria-diet fed animals; however, there were no differences in contractile responses of the mesenteric arteries to noradrenaline or KCl between the groups. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative association between plasma TG levels and reduction in acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was also significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the amount of fat-pad mass. These data suggest that diet-induced vascular dysfunction can occur in the absence of insulin resistance, and that plasma TGs may have a detrimental effect on vascular reactivity.

Download Full-text

Saccharin and aspartame, compared with sucrose, induce greater weight gain in adult Wistar rats, at similar total caloric intake levels

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Fernanda de Matos Feijó ◽

Cíntia Reis Ballard ◽

Kelly Carraro Foletto ◽

Bruna Aparecida Melo Batista ◽

Alice Magagnin Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Total Caloric Intake

Download Full-text

Higher Caloric Refeeding Is Safe in Hospitalised Adolescent Patients with Restrictive Eating Disorders

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2016/5168978 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elizabeth K. Parker ◽

Sahrish S. Faruquie ◽

Gail Anderson ◽

Linette Gomes ◽

Andrew Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Refeeding Syndrome ◽

Restrictive Eating ◽

Weight Restoration ◽

The Mean

Introduction. This study examines weight gain and assesses complications associated with refeeding hospitalised adolescents with restrictive eating disorders (EDs) prescribed initial calories above current recommendations.Methods. Patients admitted to an adolescent ED structured “rapid refeeding” program for >48 hours and receiving ≥2400 kcal/day were included in a 3-year retrospective chart review.Results. The mean (SD) age of the 162 adolescents was 16.7 years (0.9), admission % median BMI was 80.1% (10.2), and discharge % median BMI was 93.1% (7.0). The mean (SD) starting caloric intake was 2611.7 kcal/day (261.5) equating to 58.4 kcal/kg (10.2). Most patients (92.6%) were treated with nasogastric tube feeding. The mean (SD) length of stay was 3.6 weeks (1.9), and average weekly weight gain was 2.1 kg (0.8). No patients developed cardiac signs of RFS or delirium; complications included 4% peripheral oedema, 1% hypophosphatemia (<0.75 mmol/L), 7% hypomagnesaemia (<0.70 mmol/L), and 2% hypokalaemia (<3.2 mmol/L). Caloric prescription on admission was associated with developing oedema (95% CI 1.001 to 1.047;p=0.039). No statistical significance was found between electrolytes and calories provided during refeeding.Conclusion. A rapid refeeding protocol with the inclusion of phosphate supplementation can safely achieve rapid weight restoration without increased complications associated with refeeding syndrome.

Download Full-text

Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽

Fernande P. Peyembouo ◽

Christian K. Fofié ◽

Télesphore B. Nguelefack

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Redox Status ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Renal Hypertrophy ◽

Subchronic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. Methods Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. Results Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. Conclusions Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.

Download Full-text

Ocimum gratissimum enhances insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-021-00850-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shehu-Tijani Toyin Shittu ◽

Taye Jemilat Lasisi ◽

Seyid Alli-Sisse Shittu ◽

Adeyinka Adeyemi ◽

Tolulope James Adeoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Download Full-text

Changes in Health Behaviors Associated With Weight Gain by Weight Classification During the COVID-19 Pandemic

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/08901171211022958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089011712110229

Author(s):

Kristie Rupp ◽

Ciarán P. Friel

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Online Panels

Purpose: To determine whether perceived changes (i.e. perception of engagement during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic) in specific health behaviors differ by weight status (i.e. healthy weight, overweight, obese). Design: Cross-sectional. Recruitment took place between June-August 2020, via social media posts and Qualtrics online panels. Setting: Participants completed the survey online through the Qualtrics platform. Sample: Analyses included N = 502 participants (≥18 years); 45.2% healthy weight (n = 227), 28.5% overweight (n = 143), and 26.3% obese (n = 132). Measures: Study-specific survey items included questions about demographics and perceived changes in health behaviors. Analysis: Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, and COVID-19 diagnosis, assessed the odds of perceiving changes in health behaviors considered a risk for weight gain. Results: Participants with obesity, but not overweight, were significantly more likely to report deleterious changes to health behaviors compared to healthy weight peers, including: (1) decreased fruit/vegetable consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.13, 3.26)]; (2) increased processed food consumption [AOR = 1.85; 95%CI: (1.15, 3.00)]; (3) increased caloric intake [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: (1.06, 2.61)]; (4) decreased physical activity [AOR = 2.07; 95%CI: (1.31, 3.28)]; and (5) deterioration in sleep quality [AOR = 2.07; 95%CI: (1.32, 3.25)]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adults with obesity may be at greater risk for unhealthy behaviors during a period of prolonged social distancing, potentially exacerbating the obesity epidemic.

Download Full-text

The effects of pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain on maternal lipid profiles, fatty acids and insulin resistance

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Muge Gul Gulecoglu Onem ◽

Canan Coker ◽

Kemal Baysal ◽

Sabahattin Altunyurt ◽

Pembe Keskinoglu

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight

Abstract Objectives Pregnancy is associated with physiological alterations in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. This study investigates the associations between pregestational body mass index (pBMI) and the rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the second trimester with the biomarkers of lipid, fatty acids metabolism and insulin resistance. Methods Sixty nine pregnant women followed. The body weights of the pregnant women were measured and blood samples were obtained at 11–14th and 24–28th weeks of pregnancy. Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and fatty acids were measured. Rate of GWG (kg/week) and The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pregnant women were stratified according to their pBMI and the 2nd trimester rGWG. Results The rate of GWG was significantly higher for the group with pBMI<25, compared to the group with pBMI≥25 (p=0.024). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly increased in the second trimester compared with the first trimester. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-6 (n − 6) and omega-3 (n − 3) fatty acid levels and n − 6/n − 3 ratio were significantly higher in the second trimester. Glucose was significantly decreased and insulin was increased in the second trimester. In the overweight/obese group; HOMA-IR, insulin, AA, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were found to be high in comparison to the group with low/normal pBMI. No parameters were associated with rGWG. Conclusions The changes in lipid parameters, free fatty acids, insulin and HOMA-IR in the second trimester were compatible with the changes in lipid metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. Pregestational BMI was shown to have a stronger influence on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fatty acids than rGWG.

Download Full-text

Npc1 haploinsufficiency promotes weight gain and metabolic features associated with insulin resistance

Human Molecular Genetics ◽

10.1093/hmg/ddq466 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 312-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. Jelinek ◽

V. Millward ◽

A. Birdi ◽

T. P. Trouard ◽

R. A. Heidenreich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Gain

Download Full-text

Role of Ventromedial Hypothalamus in Sucrose-Induced Obesity on Metabolic Parameters

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/09727531211005738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312110057

Author(s):

Archana Gaur ◽

G.K. Pal ◽

Pravati Pal

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽

Female Rats ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Male Rats ◽

Significant Weight Gain ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Obesity is because of excessive fat accumulation that affects health adversely in the form of various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and many other disorders. Our Indian diet is rich in carbohydrates, and hence the sucrose-induced obesity is an apt model to mimic this. Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is linked to the regulation of food intake in animals as well as humans. Purpose: To understand the role of VMHin sucrose-induced obesity on metabolic parameters. Methods: A total of 24 adult rats were made obese by feeding them on a 32% sucrose solution for 10 weeks. The VMH nucleus was ablated in the experimental group and sham lesions were made in the control group. Food intake, body weight, and biochemical parameters were compared before and after the lesion. Results: Male rats had a significant weight gain along with hyperphagia, whereas female rats did not have a significant weight gain inspite of hyperphagia. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were seen in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: A sucrose diet produces obesity which is similar to the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and a VMH lesion further exaggerates it. Males are more prone to this exaggeration.

Download Full-text