Fatty acid analyses to detect the larval feeding preferences of an omnivorous soil-dwelling insect, Anomala cuprea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Tsunoda ◽  
Jun-Ichirou Suzuki ◽  
Nobuhiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Anomala Cuprea

Bagworm Survival and Feeding Preferences as Indicators of Resistance among Maples

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
William E. Klingeman
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Hybrid Cross ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Abstract The bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth)) is a polyphagous, native pest of numerous deciduous and evergreen ornamental plants. Bagworm larvae were used to investigate host plant susceptibility among ten species and cultivars of maples that are economically important and commonly encountered in landscapes in the eastern United States. Data analyses from 48-hour choice assays, conducted in the laboratory during 2000 and 2001, indicated that differences existed among maples for bagworm feeding preferences and host plant susceptibility. Results from the 48-hour trials were not as accurate as seasonal no-choice assays, however. No-choice assays during both seasons quantified resistance among maples that limited larval bagworm survival and development. Measurements of larval feeding injury demonstrated resistance in paperbark maple (Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax) and trident maple (A. buergerianum Miq.) when compared with other maples. Laboratory results were corroborated during 2001 by a no-choice field assay, in which early instar bagworm larvae performed well on the majority of maples. In contrast, paperbark maple and trident maple were resistant to bagworm feeding, while ‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray), a hybrid cross obtained by breeding A. rubrum with A. saccharinum, showed moderate resistance.

Comparative food preferences of soil-, sand-, and wood-inhabiting wireworms (Coleoptera, Elateridae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Habitat Size ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Eleven Species

In a study of the larval feeding preferences of eleven species of Elateridae, representing Lepturoidini, Pyrophorini and Elaterinae, from soil, sand and wood habitats, all larvae were found to feed more on animal than plant food when these were offered separately. When given a choice, the larvae of only one species, Lepturoides linearis (L.), selected animal food exclusively and only those of Limonius minutus (L.) selected plant food exclusively. No consistent relationship was found between food preferences and taxonomic group, habitat, size, or morphology of the sense organs of the species. It is suggested that under laboratory conditions differences in food preferences among species are mediated primarily by differences in the physiology of their sense organs, and these may be an expression of different nutritional requirements among certain species.

scholarly journals Flies matter: a study of the diversity of Diptera families (Insecta: Diptera) of Mumbai Metropolitan Region, Maharashtra, India, and notes on their ecological roles

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 10865
Author(s):  
Aniruddha H Dhamorikar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Western Ghats

Diptera is one of the three largest insect orders, encompassing insects commonly known as ‘true flies’.  They are one of the most important in terms of their interactions with humans.  Family-level diversity of Diptera was studied in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR)—50 families were recorded in four protected areas—Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary, and Matheran Eco-Sensitive Zone, of which 24 were also found in urban areas of Mumbai and Thane City.  The MMR’s family-level dipteran diversity constitutes 78% of families documented in the Western Ghats and 57% of India’s known families of Diptera.  The recorded Diptera families were segregated into two groups based on their habits - beneficial and pestiferous.  Of the 50 families, 66% comprised members which were beneficial in terms of flower visitations (28%), decomposition (24%), and predators and parasitoids of pest insects (14%), whereas 34% comprised members that were pestiferous in nature in terms of posing a threat to human health and causing nuisance (11%), causing crop and food damage (12%), posing a threat to animal health (8%), and as parasitoids of beneficial insects (3%).  In terms of their feeding preferences, the majority of the adults were flower visitors (26%), 24% were saprophagous, followed by members that were frugivorous, fungivorous, coprophagous, and predatory in nature.  Among larval feeding habits, 31% were detritivorous, 18% phytophagous, and 13% predatory in nature.  In terms of their habitat preferences, 24 families were found in dense undergrowth, 12 in mountainous forests, and 11 in fruit gardens.  This study establishes that Diptera is more diverse in natural areas than urban areas, and emphasizes the need for further exploration in terms of taxonomic and ecological studies, and economic benefits vis-à-vis the losses they incur in the region.

scholarly journals Feeding Preferences of Dogwood Sawfly Larvae Indicate Resistance in Cornus

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
W. E. Klingeman ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
H. J. Kim ◽  
P. C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Preferred Hosts

Abstract Dogwood sawfly (Macremphytus tarsatus Say) is a native, phytophagous insect that relies on Cornus sp. host plants for larval development. Feeding injury by dogwood sawflies is primarily aesthetic and seldom results in host plant death. Still, native and non-native dogwoods have not been evaluated for susceptibility to larval feeding by this aesthetically damaging wasp. Ten species or cultivars of dogwoods that are either naturalized native plants or economically significant landscape plants were assayed for host suitability to dogwood sawfly larvae in no-choice and choice experiments. Flowering, kousa and corneliancherry dogwoods were consistently ranked among the least susceptible host plants while ‘Sibirica’ tatarian, gray, and ‘Flaviramea’ golden-twig dogwoods were highly preferred hosts. Preliminary GC/MS comparisons of foliar metabolite extracts from all 10 species have identified five peaks of interest that varied between resistant and susceptible hosts. These results suggest that certain chemical constituents in foliage of dogwood species may be important predictors of host palatability. More research is needed to confirm this hypothesis before crossbreeding for sawfly resistance can proceed.

scholarly journals Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). New Knowledge About Reproduction, Larval Husbandry, and Nutrition. Promise as a New Species for Aquaculture

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristo Pérez ◽  
Fátima Linares ◽  
José Rodríguez Villanueva ◽  
Antonio Vilar ◽  
Constantinos Mylonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
European Aquaculture ◽  
Polyprion Americanus ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Four different wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) broodstock batches were maintained in research facilities under different photo and thermo-period conditions, one in Greece, the Helenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, n = 3) and three in Spain: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, n = 13) in Vigo, Aquarium Finisterrae (MC2, n = 21) in A Coruña and Consellería do Mar (CMRM, n = 11). The CMRM includes two centers that work together: Instituto Galego de Formación en Acuicultura (IGAFA) and Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), both in Pontevedra. During the five years of the project DIVERSIFY (Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new-emerging candidate fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry, 2013–2018) works focused on the reproductive biology of the species, broodstock, and larvae nutrition and development of incubation and larval rearing protocols have been carried out. In terms of reproduction, catch methods of new wild animals, the reproductive cycle, sperm characteristics evaluation, and spontaneous and induced spawning methods have been described for wreckfish. Regarding nutrition, the positive effect of two types of enrichment on the fatty acid profiles of Artemia and rotifer has been verified. The relationship between the fatty acid profile of the diets supplied to the broodstock and the fatty acid profile obtained in the oocytes and eggs of the females fed with different diets, has also been demonstrated. Finally, early larval ontogeny has been described and incubation and larval rearing protocols have been proposed based on the results obtained in the different experiments of temperature, growth, survival, and larval feeding that were carried out.

Fatty acids composition as an indicator of food intake inMerluccius hubbsilarvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Temperoni ◽  
Agueda Massa ◽  
María Delia Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
The North

AbstractFatty acids (FA) analysis is a well-established approach for qualitatively studying feeding preferences. In the Argentinean Continental Shelf, Argentine hakeMerluccius hubbsisupports the major demersal finfish fishery. The Patagonian stock of the species spawns and nurses in austral summer in the north Patagonian shelf (NPS, 43°–45°30′S). Previous studies about larval feeding in the NPS have solely focused on gut contents, indicating selectivity upon calanoid copepods. Hence, our main objective was to apply the FA approach to confirm and/or broadenM. hubbsilarval food selection. Hake larvae and copepod FA profiles overlapped significantly, dominated by the saturated FA 16:0, the monounsaturated FAs 18:1n-9 and 22:1n-9, and the polyunsaturated FA 22:6n-3. Moreover, identified markers typical of bacteria (15:0, 17:0) and dinoflagellates (18:4n-3, 22:6n-3) suggest a microbial input at the base of the NPS food web, with the latter probably acting as an intermediate step between bacteria and hake larvae. Possible direct predation upon protozoans by larvae is postulated, broadening the known trophic spectrum derived from classical diet analyses. The FA approach allowed us to clarify feeding preferences in the NPS, with data being relevant in the context of hake recruitment studies.

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document