Addition of hydrolysed porcine mucosa to low-fishmeal feed improves intestinal morphology and the expressions of intestinal amino acids and small peptide transporters in hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 736389
Author(s):  
Xuanyi Yang ◽  
Guanghui Wang ◽  
Xumin Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Shuyan Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Peptide Transporters ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 µm) and crypt depth (groups 0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 µm) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4 groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance.  

scholarly journals Dietary protein-bound or free amino acids differently affect intestinal morphology, gene expression of amino acid transporters, and serum amino acids of pigs exposed to heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales ◽  
Tania Gómez ◽  
Yuri D Villalobos ◽  
Hugo Bernal ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Pigs exposed to heat stress (HS) increase body temperature in which can damage the intestinal epithelia and affect the absorption and availability of amino acids (AA). Protein digestion and metabolism further increase body temperature. An experiment was conducted with six pairs of pigs (of 47.3 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) exposed to natural HS to assess the effect of substituting dietary protein-bound AA by free AA on morphology and gene expression of intestinal epithelial and serum concentration (SC) of free AA. Treatments were: high protein, 21.9% crude protein (CP) diet (HShp) and low protein, 13.5% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Val (HSaa). The HShp diet met or exceeded all AA requirements. The HSaa diet was formulated on the basis of ideal protein. Pigs were fed the same amount at 0700 and 1900 hours during the 21-d study. Blood samples were collected at 1700 hours (2.0 h before the evening meal), 2030 hours, and 2130 hours (1.5 and 2.5 h after the evening meal). At the end, all pigs were sacrificed to collect intestinal mucosa and a 5-cm section from each segment of the small intestine from each pig. Villi measures, expression of AA transporters (y+L and B0) in mucosa, and SC of AA were analyzed. Ambient temperature fluctuated daily from 24.5 to 42.6 °C. Weight gain and G.F were not affected by dietary treatment. Villi height tended to be larger (P ≤ 0.10) and the villi height:crypt depth ratio was higher in duodenum and jejunum of pigs fed the HSaa diet (P < 0.05). Gene expression of transporter y+L in jejunum tended to be lower (P < 0.10) and transporter B0 in the ileum was lower (P < 0.05) in HSaa pigs. Preprandial (1700 hours) SC of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Thr, Trp, and Val was higher (P < 0.05), and Phe tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HShp pigs. At 2030 hours (1.5 h postprandial), serum Lys, Met, and Thr were higher in the HSaa pigs (P < 0.05). At 2130 hours (2.5 h), Arg, His, Ile, Phe, and Trp were lower (P < 0.05); Met was higher (P < 0.05); and Lys tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HSaa pigs. In conclusion, feeding HS pigs with low protein diets supplemented with free AA reduces the damage of the intestinal epithelia and seems to improve its absorption capacity, in comparison with HS pigs fed diets containing solely protein-bound AA. This information is useful to formulate diets that correct the reduced AA consumption associated with the decreased voluntary feed intake of pigs under HS.

scholarly journals Stereoselective Access to Azetidine-Based α-Aminoacids and Applications to Small Peptides Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Reiners ◽  
Emanuel Joseph ◽  
Benedikt Nißl ◽  
Dorian Didier
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Asymmetric Reduction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Peptides Synthesis ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

Recent progress on four-membered ring building blocks has led us to investigate the formation of non-natural azetidine-based amino acids (<i>Aze</i>). A simple organometallic route was developed to access unsaturated carboxylic acids, which were further engaged in metal catalyzed asymmetric reduction. Functionalized <i>Aze</i> derivatives were finally employed in the formation of small peptide chains.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Histidine on Growth Performance, Serum Amino Acids, and Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Communities in Low Protein Diet-Fed Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Meng Kang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Low Protein

Previous study showed that low protein diet-fed pigs are characterized by lower histidine concentration in the serum and muscle, suggesting that histidine may involve in protein-restricted response. Thus, the current study mainly investigated the effects of dietary histidine on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, intestinal morphology, and microbiota communities in low protein diet-challenged-piglets. The results showed that protein restriction inhibited growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, and gut microbiota but had little effect on intestinal morphology. Dietary supplementation with histidine markedly enhanced serum histidine level and restored tryptophan concentration in low protein diet-fed piglets, while growth performance and intestinal morphology were not markedly altered in histidine-treated piglets. In addition, histidine exposure failed to affect bacterial diversity (observed species, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, ACE, and phylogenetic diversity), but histidine-treated piglets exhibited higher abundances of Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides compared with the control and protein-restricted piglets. In conclusion, dietary histidine in low protein diet enhanced histidine concentration and affected gut microbiota (Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides) but failed to improve growth performance and intestinal morphology.

scholarly journals Structure-based design of small peptide inhibitors of protein kinase CK2 subunit interaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 408 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Laudet ◽  
Caroline Barette ◽  
Vincent Dulery ◽  
Olivier Renaudet ◽  
Pascal Dumy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Peptide Inhibitors ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Small Peptide ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Kinase Ck2

X-ray crystallography studies, as well as live-cell fluorescent imaging, have recently challenged the traditional view of protein kinase CK2. Unbalanced expression of catalytic and regulatory CK2 subunits has been observed in a variety of tissues and tumours. Thus the potential intersubunit flexibility suggested by these studies raises the likely prospect that the CK2 holoenzyme complex is subject to disassembly and reassembly. In the present paper, we show evidence for the reversible multimeric organization of the CK2 holoenzyme complex in vitro. We used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, binding experiments and functional assays to show that, both in vitro and in vivo, only a small set of primary hydrophobic residues of CK2β which contacts at the centre of the CK2α/CK2β interface dominates affinity. The results indicate that a double mutation in CK2β of amino acids Tyr188 and Phe190, which are complementary and fill up a hydrophobic pocket of CK2α, is the most disruptive to CK2α binding both in vitro and in living cells. Further characterization of hotspots in a cluster of hydrophobic amino acids centred around Tyr188–Phe190 led us to the structure-based design of small-peptide inhibitors. One conformationally constrained 11-mer peptide (Pc) represents a unique CK2β-based small molecule that was particularly efficient (i) to antagonize the interaction between the CK2 subunits, (ii) to inhibit the assembly of the CK2 holoenzyme complex, and (iii) to strongly affect its substrate preference.

scholarly journals Suckling Piglet Intestinal Enterocyte Nutrient Metabolism Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2103-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiye Wang ◽  
Xia Xiong ◽  
Xiaocheng Wang ◽  
Qiang Tu ◽  
Jianzhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Citrate Cycle ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Isobaric Tags

Background/Aims: Intestinal morphology and the types of enterocytes are changed in piglets during the suckling period, but it is unclear whether these changes are associated with metabolic changes in epithelium. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acid metabolism in differentiated piglet enterocytes changed during suckling. Methods: Twenty-four piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) from 8 litters (3 piglets/litter) were selected. A single piglet from each litter was randomly selected and euthanized at days 7, 14, and 21. Differentiated enterocytes (DE) were isolated from their mid-jejunum. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify and measure protein synthesis. Results: The results showed that various activities, including: cellular processes; metabolic processes; biological regulation; pigmentation; and, localization, in DEs changed during suckling. Metabolic process analyses revealed that protein expression related to glycolysis and citrate cycle was decreased from day 7 to day 14. The number of differentiated enterocytes of 21 d piglets increased compared to 7 d piglets. Most of the proteins involved in fatty acid and amino acids metabolism had decreased DE expression between day 7 and day 14. Some, but not all, detected proteins down-regulated in DEs of 21 day piglets compared to 7 day piglets. Conclusion: These results indicate that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism changed during suckling. This may provide useful information for designing feed formulas and regulating piglet intestinal growth and development.

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