Interleukin-18 and the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome in adipose tissue are strongly associated with glucometabolic variables in a cohort of middle-aged men

Background: Previous studies have indicated an association between interleukin-18 and glucose. Interleukin-18 becomes active when cleaved by caspase-1, activated by the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome. Aim: To investigate associations between glucometabolic variables and serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18, caspase-1 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue and circulating leukocytes, and whether these mediators are related to the amount of abdominal adipose tissue . Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected in a cohort of 103 middle-aged men. Serum levels of interleukin-18 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and insulin sensitivity by glucose clamp. The distribution of abdominal adipose tissue, separated into superficial- and deep subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue, was assessed by computed tomography scan. Results: Glucometabolic variables correlated significantly to serum levels of interleukin-18, and to the expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue ( p < 0.05). Significant correlations were further observed between the amount of fat in the different compartments of abdominal adipose tissue and both serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue. Conclusion: The results implicate that the glucometabolic state is of importance for the inflammasome-related inflammation expressed both circulatory and genetically in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the latter highly reflected in the amount of abdominal adipose tissue.

Download Full-text

Markers Of Remodeling In Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Are Associated With The Amount Of Abdominal Adipose Tissue, Overweight And Insulin Sensitivity In Healthy Middle Aged Men

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. e257

Author(s):

S. Åkra ◽

T.B. Opstad ◽

T.A. Aksnes ◽

I. Seljeflot

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Download Full-text

Subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid uptake measured using positron emission tomography and adipose biopsies in humans

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (2) ◽

pp. E194-E199

Author(s):

Yanli Cao ◽

Nicola Gathaiya ◽

Qiaojun Han ◽

Bradley J. Kemp ◽

Michael D. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Uptake Rates ◽

Palmitate Uptake ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipose tissue. We studied 29 volunteers to test whether abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using [1-11C]palmitate PET agrees with FFA storage rates measured using an intravenous bolus of [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsies. The dynamic left ventricular cavity PET images combined with blood sample radioactivity corrected for the 11CO2 content were used to create the blood time activity curve (TAC), and the constant ( Ki) was determined using Patlak analysis of the TACs generated for regions of interest in abdominal subcutaneous fat. These data were used to calculate palmitate uptake rates in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (µmol·kg−1·min−1). Immediately after the dynamic imaging, a static image of the thigh was taken to measure the standardized uptake value (SUV) in thigh adipose tissue, which was scaled to each participant’s abdominal adipose tissue SUV to calculate thigh adipose palmitate uptake rates. Abdominal adipose palmitate uptake using PET [1-11C]palmitate was correlated with, but significantly ( P < 0.001) greater than, FFA storage measured using [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsy. Thigh adipose palmitate measured using PET calculation was positively correlated ( R2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with and not different from the biopsy approach. The relative differences between PET measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate uptake and biopsy-measured palmitate storage were positively correlated ( P = 0.03) with abdominal subcutaneous fat. We conclude that abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using PET does not equate to adipose FFA storage measured using biopsy techniques.

Download Full-text

Divergent responses to thermogenic stimuli in BAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue from interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 receptor 1-deficient mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep17977 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Patricia Pazos ◽

Luis Lima ◽

Sulay Tovar ◽

David González-Touceda ◽

Carlos Diéguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Interleukin 18 ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Deficient Mice

Download Full-text

Reduction in intra-abdominal adipose tissue after strength training in older women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1995.78.4.1425 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 1425-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

M. S. Treuth ◽

G. R. Hunter ◽

T. Kekes-Szabo ◽

R. L. Weinsier ◽

M. I. Goran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Strength Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Regional Body Composition ◽

Total Body ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a total body strength-training program on changes in total and regional body composition, in particular intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), in older women. Fourteen healthy older women (mean age 67 +/- 1 yr) exercised 3 times/wk for 16 wk. Strength was assessed by one-repetition maximum tests, with training intensity gradually increased to approximately 67% of one repetition maximum. Body composition was measured by hydrodensitometry and regional body composition was measured by computed tomography. Strength was significantly increased in the upper (51%) and lower body (65%). There was no significant change in body weight (64.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 64.2 +/- 2.7 kg), total body fat (38.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 38.0 +/- 1.6%) or fat-free mass (39.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 40.0 +/- 0.9 kg). However, after ST, there were significant reductions in IAAT (143.9 +/- 13.3 vs. 130.0 +/- 12.4 cm2), the IAAT-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (0.48 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.04), and midthigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (141.7 +/- 11.5 vs. 133.6 +/- 10.8 cm2) and an increase in midthigh muscle (52.9 +/- 2.6 vs. 58.0 +/- 2.0 cm2) (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, significant reductions in IAAT and an increase in strength and muscle area were observed after a strength-training program in healthy older women. These changes may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated with the age-related increase in intra-abdominal obesity.

Download Full-text

Effects of a physiological GH pulse on interstitial glycerol in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.5.e848 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (5) ◽

pp. E848-E854 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽

Ole Schmitz ◽

Lene Simonsen ◽

Jens Bülow ◽

Jens Sandahl Christiansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Stimulation Of

Physiologically, growth hormone (GH) is secreted in pulses with episodic bursts shortly after the onset of sleep and postprandially. Such pulses increase circulating levels of free fatty acid and glycerol. We tested whether small GH pulses have detectable effects on intercellular glycerol concentrations in adipose tissue, and whether there would be regional differences between femoral and abdominal subcutaneous fat, by employing microdialysis for 6 h after administration of GH (200 μg) or saline intravenously. Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured by the local Xenon washout method. Baseline of interstitial glycerol was higher in adipose tissue than in blood [220 ± 12 (abdominal) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005; 149 ± 9 (femoral) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005] and higher in abdominal adipose tissue compared with femoral adipose tissue ( P < 0.0005). Administration of GH induced an increase in interstitial glycerol in both abdominal and femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: abdominal, P = 0.04; femoral, P = 0.03). There was no overall difference in the response to GH in the two regions during the study period as a whole (ANOVA: P = 0.5), but during peak stimulation of lipolysis abdominal adipose tissue was, in absolute but not in relative terms, stimulated more markedly than femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: P = 0.03 from 45 to 225 min). Peak interstitial glycerol values of 253 ± 37 and 336 ± 74 μmol/l were seen after 135 and 165 min in femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, respectively. ATBF was not statistically different in the two situations (ANOVA: P = 0.7). In conclusion, we have shown that a physiological pulse of GH increases interstitial glycerol concentrations in both femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, indicating activated lipolysis. The peak glycerol increments after GH were higher in abdominal adipose tissue, perhaps due to a higher basal rate of lipolysis in this region.

Download Full-text

Function of Chick Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During the Embryonic and Posthatch Period

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.684426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Haidong Zhao ◽

Mingli Wu ◽

Xiaoqin Tang ◽

Qi Li ◽

Xiaohua Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

And Function ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Since excess abdominal fat is one of the main problems in the broiler industry for the development of modern broiler and layer industry, the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been neglected. However, chick subcutaneous adipose tissue appeared earlier than abdominal adipose tissue and more than abdominal adipose tissue. Despite a wealth of data, detailed information is lacking about the development and function of chick subcutaneous adipose tissue during the embryonic and posthatch period. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the developmental changes of adipocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid contents from E12 to D9.5. The results showed that subcutaneous adipose tissue was another important energy supply tissue during the posthatch period. In this stage, the mitochondrial copy number and fatty acid β-oxidation level significantly increased. It revealed that chick subcutaneous adipose tissue not only has the function of energy supply by lipidolysis but also performs the same function as brown adipose tissue to some extent, despite that the brown adipose tissue does not exist in birds. In addition, this finding improved the theory of energy supply in the embryonic and posthatch period and might provide theoretical basis on physiological characteristics of lipid metabolism in chicks.

Download Full-text