Global and regional climate impacts of black carbon and co-emitted species from the on-road diesel sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne T. Lund ◽  
Terje K. Berntsen ◽  
Chris Heyes ◽  
Zbigniew Klimont ◽  
Bjørn H. Samset
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Impacts

Regional climate impacts of the Southern Annular Mode

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Gillett ◽  
T. D. Kell ◽  
P. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Southern Annular Mode ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Annular Mode

scholarly journals The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Qinhao Lin ◽  
Long Peng ◽  
Xinhui Bi ◽  
Duohong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Mountain Site ◽  
Cloud Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency

Abstract. In the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) particles, while a parallel PM2.5 inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles in a size range of 0.1–1.6 µm and the mass concentrations of BC in the cloud-free, RES and INT particles were investigated using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and two aethalometers, respectively, at a mountain site (1690 m a.s.l.) in southern China. The measured BC-containing particles were internally mixed extensively with sulfate, and were activated into cloud droplets to the same extent as all the measured particles. The results indicate the preferential activation of larger particles and/or that the production of secondary compositions shifts the BC-containing particles towards larger sizes. BC-containing particles with an abundance of both sulfate and organics were activated less than those with sulfate but limited organics, implying the importance of the mixing state on the incorporation of BC-containing particles into cloud droplets. The mass scavenging efficiency of BC with an average of 33 % was similar for different cloud events independent of the air mass. This is the first time that both the mixing state and cloud scavenging of BC in China have been reported. Since limited information on BC-containing particles in the free troposphere is available, the results also provide an important reference for the representation of BC concentrations, properties, and climate impacts in modeling studies.

scholarly journals Ocean-atmosphere interactions modulate irrigation's climate impacts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Y. Krakauer ◽  
Michael J. Puma ◽  
Benjamin I. Cook ◽  
Pierre Gentine ◽  
Larissa Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Numerous studies have focused on the local and regional climate effects of irrigated agriculture and other land cover and land use change (LCLUC) phenomena, but there are few studies on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in modulating irrigation climate impacts. Here, we compare simulations of the equilibrium effect of contemporary irrigation geographic extent and intensity on climate with and without interactive sea surface temperatures. We find that ocean-atmosphere interaction does impact the magnitude of global-mean and spatially varying climate impacts, greatly increasing their global reach. The interaction amplifies irrigation-driven standing wave patterns in the tropics and midlatitudes in our simulations, approximately doubling the global mean amplitude of surface temperature changes due to irrigation. Subject to confirmation with other models, these findings imply that LCLUC is an important contributor to climate change even in remote areas such as the Southern Ocean. Attribution studies should include interactive oceans and need to consider LCLUC, including irrigation, as a truly global forcing that affects climate and the water cycle over ocean as well as land areas.

Mid-Atlantic Regional Climate Impacts Summary and Outlook: Summer 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Miro ◽  
Krista Romita Grocholski ◽  
Jessica Spaccio ◽  
Samantha Borisoff ◽  
Art Degaetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Impacts

Evaluation of emission strength efficacy in simulating black carbon burden with CHIMERE: estimating wintertime radiative effect over Indo-Gangetic Plain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanhita Ghosh ◽  
Shubha Verma ◽  
Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Bc Aerosols ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

<p>Black carbon (BC) aerosols over the Indian subcontinent have been represented inadequately so-far in chemical transport models restricting the accurate assessment of BC-induced climate impacts. The divergence between simulated and measured BC concentration has specifically been reported to be large over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during winter when a large BC burden is observed. In this study, we evaluate the BC transport simulations over the IGP in a high resolution (0.1º × 0.1º ) chemical transport model, CHIMERE. We examine the model efficiency to simulate the observed BC distribution executing five sets of simulation experiments: <em>Constrained </em>and<em> bottomup</em> (<em>Smog, Pku, Edgar, Cmip</em>) implementing respectively, the recently estimated India-based constrained BC emission and the latest bottom-up BC emissions (India-based: Smog-India, and global: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research-V4 (EDGAR-V4) and Peking University BC Inventory (PKU)). The mean BC emission flux over most of the IGP from the five emission datasets is considerably high (450–1000 kg km<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) with a relatively low divergence obtained for the eastern and upper-mideastern IGP. Evaluation of BC transport simulations shows that the spatial and temporal gradient in the simulated BC concentration from the <em>Constrained </em>was equivalent to that from the <em>bottomup</em> and also to that from observations. This indicates that the spatial and temporal patterns of BC concentration are consistently simulated by the model processes. However, the efficacy to simulate BC distribution is commendable for the estimates from <em>Constrained</em> for which the lowest normalised mean bias (NMB, < 20%) is obtained in comparison to that from the <em>bottomup</em> (37–52%). 75–100% of the observed all-day (daytime) mean BC concentration is simulated most of the times (>80% of the number of stations data) for <em>Constrained</em>, whereas, this being less frequent (<50%) for the <em>Pku, Smog, Edgar</em> and poor for <em>Cmip</em>. The BC-AOD (0.04–0.08) estimated from the <em>Constrained</em> is 20–50% higher than the <em>Pku</em> and <em>Smog</em>. Three main hotspot locations comprising of a large value of BC load are identified over the eastern, mideastern, and northern IGP. Assessment of the effect of BC burden on the wintertime radiative perturbation over the IGP shows that the presence of BC aerosols in the atmosphere enhances atmospheric heating by 2–3 times more compared to that considering atmosphere without BC. Also, a net warming at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) by 10–17 W m<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> is noticed from the <em>Constrained</em>, with the largest value estimated in and around megacities (Kolkata and Delhi) that extends to the eastern coast. This value is higher by 10–20% than that from <em>Cmip</em> over the IGP and by 2–10% than that from <em>Smog</em> over Delhi and eastern part of the IGP.</p>

Costing the Earth: A Numbers Game or a Moral Imperative?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Roe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Moral Arguments

Abstract It is a simple truism that public policy must be guided by an objective analysis of the physical and economic consequences of climate change. It is equally true that policy making is an inherently value-laden endeavor. While these two threads are interconnected, the relative weight given to each depends on the certainty that the technical analyses can deliver. For climate change, the envelope of uncertainty is best understood at the global scale, and there are some well known and formidable challenges to reducing it. This uncertainty must in turn be compounded with much more poorly constrained uncertainties in regional climate, climate impacts, and future economic costs. The case can be made that technical analyses have reached the point of diminishing returns. Should meaningful action on climate change await greater analytical certainty? This paper argues that policy makers should give greater weight to moral arguments, in no small part because that is where the heart of the debate really lies.

scholarly journals Black carbon measurements in the boundary layer over western and northern Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 13797-13853 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. McMeeking ◽  
T. Hamburger ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
M. Flynn ◽  
W. T. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. Europe is a densely populated region that is a significant global source of black carbon (BC) aerosol, but there is a lack of information regarding the physical properties and spatial/vertical distribution of BC in the region. We present the first aircraft observations of sub-micron BC aerosol concentrations and physical properties measured by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) in the lower troposphere over Europe. The observations spanned a region roughly bounded by 50° to 60° N and from 15° W to 30° E. The measurements, made between April and September 2008, showed that average BC mass concentrations ranged from about 300 ng m−3 near urban areas to approximately 50 ng m−3 in remote continental regions, lower than previous surface-based measurements. BC represented between 0.5 and 3% of the sub-micron aerosol mass. Black carbon mass size distributions were log-normally distributed and peaked at approximately 180 nm, but shifted to smaller diameters (~160 nm) near source regions. Black carbon was correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) but had different ratios to CO depending on location and air mass. Light absorption coefficients were measured by particle soot absorption photometers on two separate aircraft and showed similar geographic patterns to BC mass measured by the SP2, but differed by at least a factor of two compared to each other. We summarize the BC and light absorption measurements as a function of longitude and air mass age and also provide profiles of BC mass concentrations and size distribution statistics. Our results will help evaluate model-predicted regional BC concentrations and properties and determine regional and global climate impacts from BC due to atmospheric heating and surface dimming.

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