Opposite seasonality of the aerosol optical depth and the surface particulate matter concentration over the north China Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Qu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiaoye Zhang ◽  
Lifang Sheng ◽  
Wencai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

scholarly journals Aerosol optical depth thresholds as a tool to assess diffuse radiation fertilization of the land carbon uptake in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1329-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yue ◽  
Nadine Unger
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
Sky Conditions

Abstract. China suffers from frequent haze pollution episodes that alter the surface solar radiation and influence regional carbon uptake by the land biosphere. Here, we apply combined vegetation and radiation modeling and multiple observational datasets to assess the radiative effects of aerosol pollution in China on the regional land carbon uptake for the 2009–2011 period. First, we assess the inherent sensitivity of China's land biosphere to aerosol pollution by defining and calculating two thresholds of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, (i) AODt1, resulting in the maximum net primary productivity (NPP), and (ii) AODt2, such that if local AOD < AODt2, the aerosol diffuse fertilization effect (DFE) always promotes local NPP compared with aerosol-free conditions. Then, we apply the thresholds, satellite data, and interactive vegetation modeling to estimate current impacts of aerosol pollution on land ecosystems. In the northeast, observed AOD is 55 % lower than AODt1, indicating a strong aerosol DFE on local NPP. In the southeastern coastal regions, observed AOD is close to AODt1, suggesting that regional NPP is promoted by the current level of aerosol loading, but that further increases in AOD in this region will weaken the fertilization effects. The North China Plain experiences limited enhancement of NPP by aerosols because observed AOD is 77 % higher than AODt1 but 14 % lower than AODt2. Aerosols always inhibit regional NPP in the southwest because of the persistent high cloud coverage that already substantially reduces the total light availability there. Under clear-sky conditions, simulated NPP shows widespread increases of 20–60 % (35.0 ± 0.9 % on average) by aerosols. Under all-sky conditions, aerosol pollution has spatially contrasting opposite sign effects on NPP from −3 % to +6 % (1.6 ± 0.5 % on average), depending on the local AOD relative to the regional thresholds. Stringent aerosol pollution reductions motivated by public health concerns, especially in the North China Plain and the southwest, will help protect land ecosystem functioning in China and mitigate long-term global warming.

Carbonaceous components in particulate matter during a haze episode at a typical industrial area in the North China Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongya Niu ◽  
Zhaoce Liu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Wenjing Cheng ◽  
Mengren Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
The Mean

Purpose Severe airborne particulate pollution frequently occurs over the North China Plain (NCP) region in recent years. To better understand the characteristics of carbonaceous components in particulate matter (PM) over the NCP region. Design/methodology/approach PM samples were collected at a typical area affected by industrial emissions in Handan, in January 2016. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM of different size ranges (i.e. PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) were measured. The concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) were estimated by the EC tracer method. Findings The results show that the concentration of OC ranged from 14.9 μg m−3 to 108.4 μg m−3, and that of EC ranged from 4.0 μg m−3 to 19.4μg m−3, when PM2.5 changed from 58.0μg m−3 to 251.1μg m−3 during haze days, and the carbonaceous aerosols most distributed in PM2.5 rather than large fraction. The concentrations of OC and EC PM2.5 correlated better (r = 0.7) than in PM2.5−10 and PM>10, implying that primary emissions were dominant sources of OC and EC in PM2.5. The mean ratios of OC/EC in PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM>10 were 4.4 ± 2.1, 3.6 ± 0.9 and 1.9 ± 0.7, respectively. Based on estimation, SOC accounted for 16.3%, 22.0% and 9.1% in PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM>10 respectively. Originality/value The ratio of SOC/OC (48.2%) in PM2.5 was higher in Handan than those (28%–32%) in other megacities, e.g. Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang in the NCP, suggesting that the formation of SOC contributed significantly to OC. The mean mass absorption efficiencies of EC (MACEC) in PM10 and TSP were 3.4 m2 g−1 (1.9–6.6 m2 g−1) and 2.9 m2 g−1 (1.6–5.6 m2 g−1), respectively, both of which had similar variation patterns to those of OC/EC and SOC/OC.

Coordinated health effects attributable to particulate matter and other pollutants exposures in the North China Plain

2022 ◽  
pp. 112671
Author(s):  
Aifang Gao ◽  
Junyi Wang ◽  
James Poetzscher ◽  
Shaorong Li ◽  
Boyi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain

Quantification of known and unknown terpenoid organosulfates in PM10 using untargeted LC–HRMS/MS: contrasting summertime rural Germany and the North China Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brüggemann ◽  
Dominik van Pinxteren ◽  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Jian Zhen Yu ◽  
Hartmut Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Total Concentrations

Environmental contextSecondary organic aerosols account for a major fraction of atmospheric particulate matter, affecting both climate and human health. Organosulfates, abundant compounds in organic aerosols, are difficult to measure because of the lack of authentic standards. Here we quantify terpene-derived organosulfates in atmospheric particulate matter at a rural site in Germany and at the North China Plain using a combined target/non-target high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. AbstractOrganosulfates (OSs) are a ubiquitous class of compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles. However, a detailed quantification of OSs is commonly hampered because of missing authentic standards and the abundance of unknown OSs. Using a combined targeted and untargeted approach of high-resolution liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC–Orbitrap MS), we quantified for the first time the total concentrations of known and unknown monoterpene (MT) and sesquiterpene (SQT) OSs in summertime PM10 particulate matter from field studies in rural Germany (MEL) and the North China Plain (NCP). At each site, we observed more than 50 MT-OSs, 13 of which were detectable at both sites. For both locations, median concentrations of MT-OSs were in the range of 10 to 40ngm−3, to which the 13 common MT-OSs contributed on average &gt;50%. The main contributor to MT-OSs was C9H16O7S (MT-OS 267) with average mass concentrations of 2.23 and 6.38ngm−3 for MEL and NCP respectively. The concentrations of MT-OSs correlated with the concentrations of MT oxidation products only for MEL. For NCP, the low concentrations of MT oxidation products (i.e. typically &lt;1ngm−3) suggested a suppression of carboxylic acid formation under high concentrations of NOx and particulate sulfate. Furthermore, we observed 17 SQT-OSs for the MEL samples, whereas 40 SQT-OSs were detected in the NCP samples. Only five of these SQT-OSs were detectable at both sites. Correspondingly, the total concentrations of SQT-OSs were larger for NCP than for MEL, which suggested large differences in the particle chemistry. In particular, aerosol acidity was found to be a key factor during SQT-OS formation, and was probably not sufficient in the PM10 from MEL.

scholarly journals Insights into particulate matter pollution in the North China Plain during wintertime: local contribution or regional transport?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2229-2249
Author(s):  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Regional Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Haze Event ◽  
Local Emissions

Abstract. Accurate identification and quantitative source apportionment of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) provide an important prerequisite for design and implementation of emission control strategies to reduce PM pollution. Therefore, a source-oriented version of the WRF-Chem model is developed in the study to conduct source apportionment of PM2.5 in the North China Plain (NCP). A persistent and heavy haze event that occurred in the NCP from 5 December 2015 to 4 January 2016 is simulated using the model as a case study to quantify PM2.5 contributions of local emissions and regional transport. Results show that local and nonlocal emissions contribute 36.3 % and 63.7 % of the PM2.5 mass in Beijing during the haze event on average. When Beijing's air quality is excellent or good in terms of hourly PM2.5 concentrations, local emissions dominate the PM2.5 mass, with contributions exceeding 50 %. However, when the air quality is severely polluted, the PM2.5 contribution of nonlocal emissions is around 75 %. Nonlocal emissions also dominate Tianjin's air quality, with average PM2.5 contributions exceeding 65 %. The PM2.5 level in Hebei and Shandong is generally controlled by local emissions, but in Henan, local and nonlocal emissions play an almost equivalent role in the PM2.5 level, except when the air quality is severely polluted, with nonlocal PM2.5 contributions of over 60 %. Additionally, the primary aerosol species are generally dominated by local emissions, with the average contribution exceeding 50 %. However, the source apportionment of secondary aerosols shows more evident regional characteristics. Therefore, except for cooperation with neighboring provinces to carry out strict emission mitigation measures, reducing primary aerosols is a priority to alleviate PM pollution in the NCP, especially in Beijing and Tianjin.

Determination of aerosol optical depth and particulate matter concentrations using routine web cam measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Weihs ◽  
Anita Frisch-Niggemeyer ◽  
Stefan Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Visibility and visual contrast depend on several factors such as aerosol concentration, fog attenuation and humidity as well as gas characteristics. Usually, visibility is determined by observers or by visiometers. Routine web cam photographs of Vienna&amp;#160; have been performed for&amp;#160; 2 years from the meteorological measurement platform situated on the roof of one of the buildings of University of Natural resources and Life Sciences overlooking the whole city of Vienna. Photographs are taken every 30 minutes in 6 different azimuthal directions. In the following study, we used routine web cam photographs digitalization to study the correlation between the ratio of some RGB channels as well as intensity fluctuations and the aerosol optical depth and on site particulate matter measurements. We first selected only photographs taken on clear sky days&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For ground truth data, we used CIMEL sun photometer data of aerosol optical depth and liquid water content, relative humidity from routine measurements from our measurement platform as well as in situ measurements of particulate matter (PM10) performed by the air quality monitoring network of the city of Vienna.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, the correlation between the contrast in a horizontal line and the aerosol amounts in the atmosphere and particulate matter concentration as a function of time of the day and azimuthal direction was investigated. We then examined the correlation between the blue to red ratio in a vertical and horizontal line with the aerosol amounts and particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results obtained showed at some azimuth angles and time of the day correlation coefficient R squared of up to 0.85 between horizontal line contrast and in situ PM 10 and between vertical line blue to red ratio and CIMEL aerosol optical depths measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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