Event-related potentials and neural oscillations dissociate levels of cognitive control

2017 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingou Lu ◽  
Nuria Doñamayor ◽  
Thomas F. Münte ◽  
Jörg Bahlmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Who Comes First? The Role of the Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex in Cognitive Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Brass ◽  
Markus Ullsperger ◽  
Thomas R. Knoesche ◽  
D. Yves von Cramon ◽  
Natalie A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Related Potentials

Cognitive control processes enable us to adjust our behavior to changing environmental demands. Although neuropsychological studies suggest that the critical cortical region for cognitive control is the prefrontal cortex, neuro-imaging studies have emphasized the interplay of prefrontal and parietal cortices. This raises the fundamental question about the different contributions of prefrontal and parietal areas in cognitive control. It was assumed that the prefrontal cortex biases processing in posterior brain regions. This assumption leads to the hypothesis that neural activity in the prefrontal cortex should precede parietal activity in cognitive control. The present study tested this assumption by combining results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) providing high spatial resolution and event-related potentials (ERPs) to gain high temporal resolution. We collected ERP data using a modified task-switching paradigm. In this paradigm, a situation where the same task was indicated by two different cues was compared with a situation where two cues indicated different tasks. Only the latter condition required updating of the task set. Task-set updating was associated with a midline negative ERP deflection peaking around 470 msec. We placed dipoles in regions activated in a previous fMRI study that used the same paradigm (left inferior frontal junction, right inferior frontal gyrus, right parietal cortex) and fitted their directions and magnitudes to the ERP effect. The frontal dipoles contributed to the ERP effect earlier than the parietal dipole, providing support for the view that the prefrontal cortex is involved in updating of general task representations and biases relevant stimulus-response associations in the parietal cortex.

Fractionating the Cognitive Control Required to Bring About a Change in Task: A Dense-sensor Event-related Potential Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan E. Astle ◽  
G. M. Jackson ◽  
R. Swainson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Physical Response ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Covert Response

The ability to change our behavior is one that we frequently exert, although determining the mechanisms by which we do so is far from trivial. Task switching is a useful experimental paradigm for studying cognitive control functions. Switching between tasks is associated with a decrement in performance, or “switch-cost,” relative to repeating the same task. We have previously demonstrated that this cost is dependent on switching from performing one task to performing another; changing only our intended performance does not elicit the same performance deficit. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we dissociated two electrophysiological indices mirroring this behavioral distinction [Astle, D. E., Jackson, G. M., & Swainson, R. Dissociating neural indices of dynamic cognitive control in advance task-set preparation: An ERP study of task switching. Brain Res, 1125, 94–103, 2006]. However, what was unclear were the specific aspects of performance that were critical for triggering the neural mechanisms associated specifically with switching from a previously performed task. Two candidate aspects were: (i) that performance required a physical response and (ii) that the two tasks shared their responses (they had bivalent response mappings). The present study therefore compared three separate groups to explore the effects of these different aspects of performance. Each group completed the same basic task-switching paradigm, but with either an overt response or covert response, and either switching between tasks that shared their responses (bivalent response mappings) or had separate responses (univalent response mappings). When comparing precue-locked ERPs, we observed three separable components: one common to all three groups, one which primarily dissociated overt from covert responding, and one which primarily dissociated bivalent from univalent responding. We therefore concluded that changing our behavior engages at least three dissociable mechanisms. Interestingly, in the overt conditions, residual switch-costs were absent; in addition, therefore, we concluded that it is possible to engage cognitive control in advance, such that the new behavior is as efficient as were the subject to have repeated the old behavior.

scholarly journals Neuronal Correlates of Cognitive Control Are Altered in Women With Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Z. Steiner ◽  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
Katherine Wassink ◽  
Frances M. De Blasio ◽  
Jack S. Fogarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Related Potentials

Endometriosis is a debilitating women's health condition and is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Impaired cognitive control is common in chronic pain conditions, however, it has not yet been investigated in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to explore the neuronal correlates of cognitive control in women with endometriosis. Using a cross-sectional study design with data collected at a single time-point, event-related potentials were elicited during a cued continuous performance test from 20 women with endometriosis (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched controls (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years). Event-related potential components were extracted and P3 component amplitudes were derived with temporal principal components analysis. Behavioral and ERP outcomes were compared between groups and subjective pain severity was correlated with ERP component amplitudes. No significant behavioral differences were seen in task performance between the groups (all p > 0.094). Target P3b (all p < 0.034) and SW (all p < 0.040), and non-target early P3a (eP3a; all p < 0.023) and late P3a (lP3a; all p < 0.035) amplitudes were smaller for the endometriosis compared to the healthy control group. Lower non-target eP3a (p < 0.001), lP3a (p = 0.013), and SW (p = 0.019) amplitudes were correlated with higher pain severity scores. Findings suggest that endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain is linked to alterations in stimulus-response processing and inhibitory control networks, but not impaired behavioral performance, due to compensatory neuroplastic changes in overlapping cognitive control and pain networks.

Evaluation of Neurofeedback for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to Refugee Experiences Using Self-Report and Cognitive ERP Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Askovic ◽  
Anna J. Watters ◽  
Mariano Coello ◽  
Jorge Aroche ◽  
Anthony W. F. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Trauma Counseling

Background. Neurofeedback holds promise as an intervention for the psychophysiological dysfunction found in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few empirical studies have assessed the efficacy of neurofeedback for PTSD, and none in individuals with refugee trauma. A proposed mechanism for neurofeedback efficacy in PTSD is through remediating deficits in cognitive control. We assessed pre- and postchanges in symptoms and neurocognitive functioning of refugee clients participating in a neurofeedback intervention for PTSD. Methods. Clinical data for 13 adult refugees with chronic PTSD who participated in neurofeedback combined with trauma counseling (NFT) was compared with 13 adult refugees placed on a waitlist to receive neurofeedback. Waitlist clients continued to receive trauma counseling alone (TC). NFT was additionally assessed pre- and posttherapy for changes in event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral indices of cognitive control using a visual continuous performance task (VCPT). Comparison VCPT data from healthy controls (HC) was available from the Human Brain Index database. Results. Posttherapy, NFT had significantly lower symptoms of trauma, anxiety, and depression compared with TC. NFT demonstrated an increased P3 amplitude and improved behavioral performance suggesting a normalization of cognitive control. Conclusions. These preliminary observations are consistent with a possible benefit of neurofeedback for remediating PTSD. This may be achieved at least partially by an improvement in cognitive control. Further confirmation of the effectiveness of the treatment now requires a randomized controlled trial that considers issues such as placebo response, nonspecific therapist effects, and duration of treatment.

Psychopathic Traits, Inhibition, and Positive and Negative Emotion: Results from an Emotional Go/No-Go Task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Frances Fournier ◽  
Julia Blayne McDonald ◽  
Peter E Clayson ◽  
Edelyn Verona
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials

Inhibitory control, the ability to stop or prevent an action, is of relevance to disorders marked by increased disinhibition and impulsivity, including some facets of psychopathy. Because aspects of cognitive control (including inhibitory control) and emotion are theorized to compete for processing resources, emotional conditions may exacerbate aggressive, impulsive, and potentially harmful behaviors. The present study examined relationships between specific facets of psychopathy and inhibitory control in the context of positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli in a community sample using event-related potentials during an emotional-linguistic Go/No-Go task. Results indicated distinct cognition-emotion interactions for each facet of psychopathy. High scorers on the interpersonal facet exhibited decreased inhibitory processing in the presence of emotional stimuli, and decreased emotional processing in the presence of inhibitory demands, suggesting reciprocal interference between cognition and emotion. Higher scores on the callous affect facet were associated with lower emotion and inhibition processing, except when stimuli were most engaging (emotional No-Go trials). Higher lifestyle facet scores related to reciprocal facilitation between inhibition and emotion processing. Finally, higher scores on the antisocial facet were associated with poorer behavioral inhibition overall. Results provide novel evidence for interactions between affective processing and cognitive control among individuals high on distinct psychopathic traits.

scholarly journals Internal Consistency of Event-Related Potentials Associated with Cognitive Control: N2/P3 and ERN/Pe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. R. Rietdijk ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
A. Roy Thurik
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Interplay Between Systemic Inflammation, Visceral Fat, and Cognitive Control in People with Excess Fat Mass (OR32-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Cannavale ◽  
Melisa Bailey ◽  
Caitlyn Edwards ◽  
Anne Walk ◽  
Sharon Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Objectives Excess fat mass has been associated with poorer cognitive function. Elevated visceral adiposity (VAT) has also been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Whereas the cognitive implications of inflammation have been extensively studied in preclinical models, the influence of inflammatory cytokines on human cognition is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relations among VAT, inflammatory cytokines and cognitive control. We hypothesized that elevated VAT and inflammation would be related to poorer performance during a cognitive control task. Methods Participants between 25–45 years (N = 77 48 females) with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) underwent a DXA scan to quantify VAT. A Flanker Task was used to assess cognitive control while Event-Related Potentials were recorded. Following an overnight fast, blood was collected to quantify plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations using ELISAs. Spearman's correlations were used to analyze relations using a 1-tailed approach. Results Greater VAT was related to lower congruent (r = −.19, P = .05) and incongruent trial accuracy (r = −.26, P = .01), as well as lower congruent P3 peak amplitude (r = −.23, P = .02) and slower latency (r = .37, P < .001). Similarly, elevated CRP and IL-6 were associated with poorer congruent (rCRP = −.22 pCRP = .03; rIL6 = −.20 pIL6 = .03), and incongruent (rCRP = −.33 pCRP = .002; rIL6 = −.32 pIL6 = .002) accuracy. Additionally, CRP was related to slower incongruent P3 peak latency (r = .22, P = .02). Partial correlations controlling for CRP and IL-6 showed that VAT was no longer associated with cognitive performance (all p's > 0.07); however, the association between VAT and P3 peak amplitude (r = −.26, P = .01) and latency (r = .35, P = .001) persisted even following adjustment for CRP and IL-6. Conclusions This work replicates previous research indicating that VAT is related to poorer attentional abilities; however, we extend the literature by elucidating the role of low-grade inflammation as a contributing factor in this relationship in adults with excess fat mass. Funding Sources This work was supported by funds provided by the Dept of Kinesiology & Community Health at UIUC & the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 1009249. Partial support provided by the Hass Avocado Board.

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