G protein coupled receptor 50 promotes self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells through regulation of notch and wnt/β-catenin signalings

2015 ◽  
Vol 458 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Xia Ma ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Wu ◽  
Yong-Jie Feng ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Xiao ◽  
Xiao-ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
G Protein Coupled

scholarly journals The MMP-1/PAR-1 Axis Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maddalena Valente ◽  
Megan Allen ◽  
Valeria Bortolotto ◽  
Seung T. Lim ◽  
Katherine Conant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a role in varied forms of developmental and postnatal neuroplasticity. MMP substrates include protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in hippocampus. We examined proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) from hippocampi of mice that overexpress the potent PAR-1 agonist MMP-1. We found that, as compared to aNPCs from littermate controls, MMP-1 tg aNPCs display enhanced proliferation. Under differentiating conditions, these cells give rise to a higher percentage of MAP-2+neurons and a reduced number of oligodendrocyte precursors, and no change in the number of astrocytes. The fact that these results are MMP and PAR-1 dependent is supported by studies with distinct antagonists. Moreover, JSH-23, an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, counteracted both the proliferation and differentiation changes seen in MMP-1 tg-derived NPCs. In complementary studies, we found that the percentage of Sox2+undifferentiated progenitor cells is increased in hippocampi of MMP-1 tg animals, compared to wt mice. Together, these results add to a growing body of data suggesting that MMPs are effectors of hippocampal neuroplasticity in the adult CNS and that the MMP-1/PAR-1 axis may play a role in neurogenesis following physiological and/or pathological stimuli.

scholarly journals Large-scale generation of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells/early neural progenitor cells and their neuronal differentiation

Organogenesis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo D’Aiuto ◽  
Yun Zhi ◽  
Dhanjit Kumar Das ◽  
Madeleine R Wilcox ◽  
Jon W Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Human Ipsc

Presenilin-1 regulates neuronal differentiation during neurogenesis

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Handler ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
J. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Presenilin 1

Mutations in Presenilin-1 (PS1) are a major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies showed that PS1 is required for murine neural development. Here we report that lack of PS1 leads to premature differentiation of neural progenitor cells, indicating a role for PS1 in a cell fate decision between postmitotic neurons and neural progenitor cells. Neural proliferation and apoptotic cell death during neurogenesis are unaltered in PS1(−/−) mice, suggesting that the reduction in the neural progenitor cells observed in the PS1(−/−) brain is due to premature differentiation of progenitor cells, rather than to increased apoptotic cell death or decreased cell proliferation. In addition, the premature neuronal differentiation in the PS1(−/−) brain is associated with aberrant neuronal migration and disorganization of the laminar architecture of the developing cerebral hemisphere. In the ventricular zone of PS1(−/−) mice, expression of the Notch1 downstream effector gene Hes5 is reduced and expression of the Notch1 ligand Dll1 is elevated, whereas expression of Notch1 is unchanged. The level of Dll1 transcripts is also increased in the presomitic mesoderm of PS1(−/−) embryos, while the level of Notch1 transcripts is unchanged, in contrast to a previous report (Wong et al., 1997, Nature 387, 288–292). These results provide direct evidence that PS1 controls neuronal differentiation in association with the downregulation of Notch signalling during neurogenesis.

A Synthetic Small Molecule That Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Warashina ◽  
Kyung Hoon Min ◽  
Tomoko Kuwabara ◽  
Alexis Huynh ◽  
Fred H. Gage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Synthetic Small Molecule

Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced KDM5A degradation impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Kyu Kim ◽  
Hyobin Jeong ◽  
Jingi Bae ◽  
Moon-Yong Cha ◽  
Moonkyung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a process of continuously generating functional mature neurons from neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains, amyloid pathology has deleterious effects on AHN, but molecular mechanisms for dysregulated AHN are unclear. Mitochondria of neural stem/progenitor cells play crucial roles in determining cell fate. Since mitochondrial dysfunction by amyloid pathology is the typical symptom of AD pathogenesis, we aim to study whether mitochondrial dysfunction of neural stem/progenitor cells by amyloid pathology causes the impairment of AHN, and elucidate the molecular mechanism of the phenomenon. Methods To investigate the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction of neural stem/progenitor cells on neuronal differentiation, we expressed mitochondria-targeted amyloid beta (mitoAβ) in neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis of the hippocampal tissue implicated mitochondrial dysfunction by mitoAβ as a cause of AHN deficits. We identified epigenetic regulators of neural progenitor cells that are regulated by mitoAβ expression or drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity and proposed a link between mitochondria and AHN. Results Amyloid pathology characteristically inhibited the neuronal differentiation stage, not the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells during AHN in early AD model mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neural stem/progenitor cells by expressing mitoAβ inhibited the neuronal differentiation and AHN with cognitive impairment. Mechanistic studies revealed that lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) was involved in the neuronal differentiation and could be degraded by mitochondrial dysfunction in neural progenitor cells, thereby inhibiting the differentiation and cognitive functions. Conclusions These results reveal the new role of KDM5A as a mediator of retrograde signaling, reflecting mitochondrial status, and that the decrease of KDM5A in neural progenitor cells by mitochondrial dysfunction impairs the neuronal differentiation and AHN, finally leading to memory deficits. These findings and its relationship to mitochondrial dysfunction suggest that mitochondrial failure in neural progenitor cells by amyloid pathology closely associates with reduced AHN in AD.

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