The effect of bta-miR-26b in intrauterine extracellular vesicles on maternal immune system during the implantation period

AbstractEvidence accumulated suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in uterine lumen play a role in conceptus-endometrial cell interactions during peri-implantation periods. However, how intrauterine EVs function on endometrium have not been well characterized. To study how intrauterine EVs affect endometrial milieu in cattle, bovine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) were treated with EVs isolated from uterine flushing fluids (UFs) on day 17 or 20 pregnancy (P17, P20, respectively; conceptus implantation to endometrium begins on days 19–19.5). RNA extracted from EECs were then subjected to RNA sequence analysis. The analysis revealed that transcripts related to immune system were down-regulated in EECs treated with EVs on P20 compared with those on P17. To investigate whether microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs regulate maternal immune system in the endometrium during the peri-implantation, microRNA sequence and in silico analyses were performed, identifying bta-miR-98 in EVs as a potential miRNA to regulate maternal immune system. Furthermore, the treatment of EECs with bta-miR-98 negatively regulated several immune system-related genes, CTSC, IL6, CASP4 and IKBKE, in EECs. These results suggest that EVs containing bta-miR-98 is a regulator of maternal immune system, possibly allowing the conceptus attachment to the endometrial epithelium during the peri-implantation period.

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Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A hypothetical view

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666201023124843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed RG

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Cellular Therapy ◽

Early Stage ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Vital Role ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Maternal Immune System ◽

Perinatal Management ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Background: The complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its COVID-19 disease on mothers and their offspring are less known. Objective: The aim of this review was to determine the transmission, severity, complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy. This review showed the influence of COVID-19 disease on the neonatal neurogenesis. Owing to no specific vaccines or medicines that were reported for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, this review suggested some control strategies like treatments (medicinal plants, antiviral therapy, cellular therapy, and immunotherapy), nutrition uptake, prevention, and recommendations. Discussion: This overview showed in severely states that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stage of pregnancy might increase the risk of stress, panic, and anxiety. This disorder can disturb the maternal immune system, and thus causing a neurodevelopmental disturbance. This hypothesis may be depending on the severity and intensity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. However, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from dams to their fetuses is absent until now. Conclusion: During this global pandemic disease, maintaining safety during pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and breastfeeding may play a vital role in a healthy life for the offspring. Thus, international and national corporations should be continuing for perinatal management, particularly during the next pandemic or disaster time.

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S12.3: Human trophoblasts at the interface with the maternal immune system

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/aji.55_13417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 (S1) ◽

pp. 42-42

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Maternal Immune System

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Intercellular Transmission of Naked Viruses through Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Polyomaviruses

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12101086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1086

Author(s):

Francois Helle ◽

Lynda Handala ◽

Marine Bentz ◽

Gilles Duverlie ◽

Etienne Brochot

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Viral Transmission ◽

Viral Fitness ◽

Host Cells ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Similar Strategy

Extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as a novel mode of viral transmission exploited by naked viruses to exit host cells through a nonlytic pathway. Extracellular vesicles can allow multiple viral particles to collectively traffic in and out of cells, thus enhancing the viral fitness and diversifying the transmission routes while evading the immune system. This has been shown for several RNA viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae, Hepeviridae, Reoviridae, and Caliciviridae families; however, recent studies also demonstrated that the BK and JC viruses, two DNA viruses that belong to the Polyomaviridae family, use a similar strategy. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms used by naked viruses to hijack extracellular vesicles, and we discuss the implications for the biology of polyomaviruses.

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Evolution of mammalian pregnancy in the presence of the maternal immune system

Reviews of Reproduction ◽

10.1530/ror.0.0050067 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

D. Bainbridge

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Maternal Immune System

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Extracellular Vesicles Tune the Immune System in Renal Disease: A Focus on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Thrombotic Microangiopathy and ANCA-Vasculitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4194

Author(s):

Martina Mazzariol ◽

Giovanni Camussi ◽

Maria Felice Brizzi

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Immune System ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽

Coagulation Cascade ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Systemic Lupus

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are microparticles released in biological fluids by different cell types, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to their ability to carry and transfer biomolecules, EV are mediators of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The ability of EV to modulate the immune system, the coagulation cascade, the angiogenetic process, and to drive endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of both autoimmune and renal diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of EV in the control of renal homeostasis by acting as intercellular signaling molecules, mediators of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Moreover, circulating EV and urinary EV secreted by renal cells have been investigated as potential early biomarkers of renal injury. In the present review, we discuss the recent findings on the involvement of EV in autoimmunity and in renal intercellular communication. We focused on EV-mediated interaction between the immune system and the kidney in autoimmune diseases displaying common renal damage, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic microangiopathy, and vasculitis. Although further studies are needed to extend our knowledge on EV in renal pathology, a deeper investigation of the impact of EV in kidney autoimmune diseases may also provide insight into renal biological processes. Furthermore, EV may represent promising biomarkers of renal diseases with potential future applications as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

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Early Recognition of Pregnancy by the Maternal Immune System

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00368.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 351-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

K. Kelemen ◽

Julia Szekeres-Bartho ◽

A. Paldi ◽

H. Tinneberg ◽

A. Torok

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Maternal Immune System

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Fungal Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Targets for Immune Interventions

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00747-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mateus Silveira Freitas ◽

Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato ◽

Andre Moreira Pessoni ◽

Marcio L. Rodrigues ◽

Arturo Casadevall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Nucleic Acids ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties

ABSTRACT The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by fungi is a fundamental cellular process. EVs carry several biomolecules, including pigments, proteins, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. EVs may play a pivotal role in the establishment of fungal infections, as they can interact with the host immune system to elicit multiple outcomes. It has been observed that, depending on the fungal pathogen, EVs can exacerbate or attenuate fungal infections. The study of the interaction between fungal EVs and the host immune system and understanding of the mechanisms that regulate those interactions might be useful for the development of new adjuvants as well as the improvement of protective immune responses against infectious or noninfectious diseases. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory properties of EVs produced by pathogenic fungi and discuss their potential as adjuvants for prophylactic or therapeutic strategies.

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Modulation of Helper T Cytokines in Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9050245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leying Zhang ◽

Zimo Zhao ◽

Hao Mi ◽

Baoliang Liu ◽

Bin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Th2 Cytokines ◽

Maternal Immune System ◽

Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Th1 And Th2

There is an immune tolerance in maternal immune system during pregnancy, and thymus is a main organ of the immune system. Helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines are involved in the regulation of immune system, but the modulation of Th cytokines in the thymus during early pregnancy is unclear in ewes. Thymuses were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the thymuses. There was a peak in the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on day 16 of pregnancy, an upregulation of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), and a sustained expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Furthermore, there was a peak in the expression of IL-6 on day 13 of pregnancy, no expression of IL-6 on day 16 of the estrous cycle and day 25 of pregnancy, and an upregulation of IL-5 and IL-10 in the thymuses during early pregnancy. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the IFN-γ and IL-6 proteins were limited to the stromal cells, capillaries, and thymic corpuscles. In conclusion, early pregnancy influenced the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines of maternal thymus in sheep.

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