scholarly journals Informing a conservation policy-praxis disjuncture: A ‘commons’ perspective to tackling coastal-marine community-conserved area implementation in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 109296
Author(s):  
Wayne Stanley Rice ◽  
Merle R. Sowman ◽  
Maarten Bavinck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Marine Community

scholarly journals Synthesizing Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus attack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland)

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Pooley ◽  
Hannes Botha ◽  
Xander Combrink ◽  
George Powell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Nile Crocodile ◽  
Attack Data ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

AbstractConflicts with wildlife are a major challenge for conservation across Africa, and Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus are allegedly responsible for more attacks on people than any other species; however, there is a lack of data regarding such attacks. We analysed reported attacks on people by Nile crocodiles in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland) during 1949–2016, identifying spatial and temporal patterns in attack incidence, as well as victim demographics. Through a literature review and archival searches we identified records of 214 attacks. Most attacks occurred in natural water bodies, with attacks in dams increasing since 2000. Most victims were attacked while swimming or bathing, others while fishing, doing domestic chores, and crossing waterways. There was a significant relationship between gender and activity when attacked. Children (< 16 years old) accounted for 51% of all attacks, with a higher fatality rate compared to adults. Most victims were male (65%), with teenage boys being the largest individual category. We make recommendations for conservation policy and management to mitigate attacks by Nile crocodiles.

NOTE ON THE FOUNDING OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE EARLY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
J. Bester
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Rock Paintings

SUMMARYSouth Africa is a major livestock region of the African continent and a country rich in local animal genetic resources (AnGR). Archaeological research and the important rock paintings found in the region confirm the existence of domesticated ruminant populations, at least baclc to 300 AD. The dwindling of the pool of AnGR in recent years justifies the creation of ACEDA, which can and should play a major role in AnGR conservation policy and activities.

scholarly journals Bacterioplankton community structure: Protists control net production and the proportion of active bacteria in a coastal marine community

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. del Giorgio ◽  
Josep M. Gasol ◽  
Dolors Vaqué ◽  
Paola Mura ◽  
Susana Agustí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
Control Net ◽  
Marine Community

scholarly journals Lead and strontium isotopes as palaeodietary indicators in the Western Cape of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Scott ◽  
Petrus le Roux ◽  
Judith Sealy ◽  
Robyn Pickering
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Isotope System

We analysed the isotopic compositions of bioavailable strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) in 47 samples of animals and plants derived from the various geological substrates of southwestern South Africa, to explore the utility of these isotope systems as dietary tracers. Measurements were made using high-resolution multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). 87Sr/86Sr could efficiently discriminate between geologically recent sediments of marine origin in near-coastal environments and older geologies further inland. However, 87Sr/86Sr was not able to distinguish between the Cape Granite Suite and the Cape System (Table Mountain sandstones), whereas Pb isotopes could, demonstrating the utility of this hitherto underused isotope system. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in near-coastal terrestrial environments is influenced by marine input, whereas Pb isotopic ratios are not, because of low concentrations of Pb in seawater. There is considerable potential to use Pb isotopes as a dietary and palaeodietary tracer in near-coastal systems in fields as diverse as archaeology, palaeontology, wildlife ecology and forensics. Significance: • This study is the first investigation of the potential of Pb isotopes as a dietary tracer in southwestern South Africa. • Pb isotopes are a valuable dietary tracer; used in combination with 87Sr/86Sr, they can extend our knowledge of landscape usage in coastal-marine environments. • Pb isotopes have also shown to be useful in samples from the 1980s, collected during the time when leaded petrol was in use in South Africa; however, these samples were from remote areas with low motor vehicle emissions.

scholarly journals Coombs Hill: A Late Devonian fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group, South Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Harris ◽  
Robert W. Gess ◽  
Cameron Penn-Clarke ◽  
Bruce S. Rubidge
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bivalve Mollusc ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Devonian Extinction

Coombs Hill, a new fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) of South Africa, preserves a record of Famennian (Late Devonian) life in Gondwana. Fossil plants collected at Coombs Hill are preliminarily assigned to several classes. Shelly invertebrates include a variety of bivalve mollusc forms, some of which appear to be preserved in life position. Biodiversity at Coombs Hill is comparable to that of the well-known Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in ordinal diversity, but exhibits differences in species composition. Ongoing taxonomic analysis will provide a rare window into the ecology of high-latitude environments during this pivotal stage of Earth history, which immediately preceded the end-Devonian extinction. Sandstone dominated sedimentary facies at Coombs Hill suggest a high-energy coastal marine setting, with brackish back-barrier estuarine/lagoonally derived fossiliferous mudstones. Exact stratigraphic placement within the Witpoort Formation is hampered by structural deformation, and precise age comparisons with Waterloo Farm are currently tenuous.

scholarly journals Records of ctenophores from South Africa

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10697
Author(s):  
Mark J. Gibbons ◽  
Steve H.D. Haddock ◽  
George I. Matsumoto ◽  
Craig Foster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Coastal Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Regional Fauna

Although ctenophores can be conspicuous components of the plankton in coastal marine ecosystems, only six species have been formally described from around South Africa. Using photographs from local community scientists, we add a further three species (Cestum veneris, Beroe forskalii?, Ocyropsis maculata?) and six morphospecies to the regional fauna. These additions suggest that South Africa has a ctenophore fauna that is amongst the most diverse, globally; an observation in agreement with information from other taxa. Tips on how community scientists can improve their photographic contributions to understanding ctenophore diversity are provided.

The Distribution and Significance of Toxic Metals in Sharks from the Natal Coast, South Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Watling ◽  
H R Watling ◽  
R C Stanton ◽  
T P McClurg ◽  
E M Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
High Concentrations

The concentrations of ten metals in the tissues of three commercial shark species have been determined. Mercury concentrations increase with size and are a predictable but limiting factor which must be considered when sharks intended for human consumption are exported from South Africa. Apparently high concentrations of some metals have been found in the livers of these sharks but, as the Southern African coastal marine environment is relatively unpolluted with respect to metals, it is concluded that these concentrations are “normal”. Some interesting differences in the concentrations of the other study elements in these sharks have also been observed.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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