Bacterial wilt biocontrol by the endophytic bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in Río Grande tomato cultivar

2021 ◽  
pp. 104728
Author(s):  
María Sol Srebot ◽  
Josefina Tano ◽  
Analía Carrau ◽  
Matías Damián Ferretti ◽  
María Laura Martínez ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
pp. 126751
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dowarah ◽  
Heena Agarwal ◽  
Debasish B Krishnatreya ◽  
Pankaj Losan Sharma ◽  
Nilamjyoti Kalita ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive pathogens causing foot rot disease on tomato. In this study, the molecular and cellular changes of a partially resistant (Sunny 6066) and a susceptible (Rio Grande) tomato cultivar after infection with necrotrophic soil-borne fungus R. solani were compared. The expression of defense-related genes such as chitinase (LOC544149) and peroxidase (CEVI-1) in infected tomato cultivars was investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method revealed elevated levels of expression for both genes in the partially resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. One of the most prominent facets of basal plant defense responses is the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures are produced around the sites of potential pathogen ingress to prevent pathogen progress in plant tissues. We investigated formation of lignin, as one of the most important structural barriers affecting plant resistance, using thioglycolic acid assay. A correlation was found between lignification and higher level of resistance in Sunny 6066 compared to Rio Grande cultivar. These findings suggest the involvement of chitinase, peroxidase, and lignin formation in defense responses of tomato plants against R. solani as a destructive pathogen.


2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Janice Dias ◽  

The sugarcane crop isconsidered moderately sensitive to environmental stresses, which results in reduced growth and lower productivity. In addition, there is a need for the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizer. A potential and agroecologically correct alternative is the use of nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria, such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. However, under conditions of abiotic stress the benefits from this plant-endophyte association can be altered due to the physiology of stress response. The objective of this work was to study the effect of inoculation of G. diazotrophicus by means of the evaluation of the parameters of gas exchange, in sugarcane plants submitted to salt and water stresses. The rates of stomatal conductance, transpiration and liquid photosynthesis were evaluated by means of a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The results showed that the presence of the bacteria may alter the rates of stomatal conductance and transpiration, interfering in the physiology of response to salinity and drought. Keywords: Endophytic bactéria. Stomatal conductance. Transpiration. Salinity. Drought.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Lester González Rodríguez ◽  
Heydrich Mayra ◽  
Anar Janet Rodríguez Cheang ◽  
Marcia M. Rojas Badía

<p><strong>Título en ingles:</strong> <strong>Influence of different factors in the growth of endophytic bacteria of sugarcane</strong></p><p>En Cuba, entre los esfuerzos por lograr la sostenibilidad en la agricultura se han empleado biopreparados a gran escala, los cuales han tenido un gran impacto económico, ecológico y social. La caña de azúcar constituye uno de los principales cultivos agrícolas para nuestro país y tiene gran importancia desde los puntos de vista económico y ecológico a nivel mundial. En el presente trabajo se demostró el efecto de diferentes fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno en el crecimiento de 5 cepas endófitas de caña de azúcar, 3 de <em>Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus</em>, una de <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> y una de <em>Enterobacter agglomerans</em>. De igual forma, se estudió la influencia de jugos provenientes de cinco variedades, así como diferentes concentraciones de las fitohormonas ácido 3 indolacético (AIA) y ácido giberélico (GA) en el crecimiento. Se demostró que la asparagina y el sulfato de amonio como fuentes de nitrógeno adicionadas al medio LGI posibilitan un mayor crecimiento de las bacterias endófitas estudiadas. El medio LGI suplementado con jugo de caña de azúcar favorece significativamente (p≤0,05) el crecimiento de los microorganismos endófitos y no existe relación directa entre el origen varietal del jugo y de las cepas. Por otra parte las fitohormonas en bajas concentraciones favorecieron el crecimiento, no ocurriendo así cuando se encuentran a elevadas concentraciones en el medio de cultivo. Es necesario estudiar todos los factores que pueden influir en la interacción entre la planta y los endófitos para poder utilizar sus potencialidades como promotores del crecimiento vegetal.</p>


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Gabriela Esparza-Diaz ◽  
Thiago Marconi ◽  
Carlos A. Avila ◽  
Raul T. Villanueva

The Rio Grande Valley is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the U.S and is located in the southernmost part of Texas. In October 2013, we detected an exotic plant bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) occurring in the region. Nesidiocoris tenuis has zoophytophagous habits; however, in the absence of insect prey, it feeds on its plant hosts. After its morphological and genetic identification, this study monitored the population of N. tenuis in its introduction phase in commercial fields and corroborated its establishment in research fields for three years. Populations of N. tenuis were high during the fall and low during winter. This study found that N. tenuis populations were higher in tomato fields as compared to adjacent pepper, okra, and squash fields, indicating its host preferences during the introduction phase. Recurrent population growth patterns suggest that N. tenuis was established in Rio Grande Valley with permanent populations in tomato fields. In addition, N. tenuis populations were affected by tomato cultivar selection and by plastic mulch color. The presence of N. tenuis could establish a new trophic insect relationship for vegetable production. However, it is unknown if the presence of N. tenuis may help to control pests of economic importance, such as whiteflies in cotton, or become a pest on sesame, an emerging crop.


Author(s):  
José Lindorico de Mendonça ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lopes ◽  
Antonio Willians Moita

Em condições de alta temperatura e umidade e na presença de solos contaminados com patógenos de solo, situações comuns em cultivo protegido e em campo aberto em algumas regiões do Brasil, produzir tomate é um grande desafio. Na década de 1950, o controle da doença murcha bacteriana, por exemplo, foi conseguido utilizando-se como porta-enxerto a jurubeba ‘Juna’ (Solanum stramonifolium) em enxerto de tomateiro comercial. Embora possibilite um bom nível de controle, o uso de espécies de jurubeba do subgênero Leptostemanum tem o inconveniente de possuir acúleos. Esta característica foi determinante no abandono da técnica da enxertia, pois comprometia consideravelmente o rendimento de trabalho ao ferir as mãos do enxertador. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade de híbridos interespecíficos de Solanum resistentes a patógenos de solo como porta-enxerto de tomateiro. Três híbridos interespecíficos: jiló ‘CNPH 221’ (S. aethiopicum) X jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’ (S. stramonifolium); berinjela ‘CNPH 171’(S. melongena) X jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’ (S. stramonifolium); jiló ‘CNPH 222’ (S. aethiopicum) X berinjela ‘Ciça’ (S. melongena);  e os acessos: jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’; berinjela ‘CNPH 171’ e o porta-enxerto comercial de tomateiro ‘Guardião’ (Takii), foram avaliados como porta-enxerto do tomateiro comercial ‘Ellen’ (Feltrin) usado como enxerto, além de ‘Ellen’ auto-enxertado. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Hortaliças, em vasos com 8 litros de solo, e o método de enxertia usado foi o de fenda simples. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e oito plantas por parcela. As plantas foram submetidas aos tratos culturais normais da cultura em ambiente protegido. Foram avaliados a massa de frutos comerciais, total e refugo, e número total de frutos. As combinações com os híbridos interespecíficos não diferiram estatisticamente de ‘Ellen’ auto–enxertada para as variáveis avaliadas, indicando que estes porta-enxertos tem boa compatibilidade de enxertia com esta cultivar, além de não possuírem acúleos. Entre porta-enxertos simples, jurubeba juna ‘CNPH 19’ superou a berinjela ‘CNPH 171’ e não diferiu dos demais tratamentos.    ABSTRACT Under warm temperatures, high soil humidity, and in the presence of soilborne pathogens, conditions commonly found in protected crops and in some regions in Brazil, soil-associated diseases are a constraint to tomato production all year round. In the 1950’s, bacterial wilt control, for example, was achieved in small scale by grafting tomato onto jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium). Even though the level of bacterial wilt protection was adequate with this combination, the grafting technique was halted, since species of jurubeba of the subgenus Leptostemanum is very spiny, a characteristic that made the hand operation unpleasant and slow. The objective of this work was to test some spineless hybrids, previously screened for resistance to bacterial wilt, for their compatibility with tomato. Three interspecific hybrids: S. aethiopicum X S. stramonifolium; S. melongena X S. stramonifolium, and S. aethiopicum X S. melongena were tested as rootstocks for commercial cultivar Ellen, in comparison with self-grafted ‘Ellen’, as well as grafted on S. stramonifollium ‘CNPH 19’ and on S. melongena ‘CNPH 171’, resistant to bacterial wilt, and on commercial tomato rootstock ‘Guardião’. The experiment was carried out with cleft-grafted plants at the 5-leaf stage grown in 8-L pots in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables, Brasilia, DF. The plants were disposed in a complete randomized block design, with plots made of eight plants in three replications. The crop was grown as commercially indicated for protected cultivation. The variables evaluated were total fruit weight, commercial fruit weight, and total fruit number. The combinations with the interspecific hybrids did not differ from self-grafted ‘Ellen’ for all the variables, indicating that they display good compatibility with this specific tomato cultivar. Among the self-pollinated rootstocks, S. stramonifolium was better than eggplant ‘CNPH 171’ in commercial fruit weight, but did not differ from the other treatments.


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