Compatibilidade de enxertia de híbridos interespecíficos de Solanum com tomateiro visando controle de patógenos de solo / Grafting compatibility of interspecific Solanum hybrids with tomato to control soilborne plant pathogens

Author(s):  
José Lindorico de Mendonça ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lopes ◽  
Antonio Willians Moita

Em condições de alta temperatura e umidade e na presença de solos contaminados com patógenos de solo, situações comuns em cultivo protegido e em campo aberto em algumas regiões do Brasil, produzir tomate é um grande desafio. Na década de 1950, o controle da doença murcha bacteriana, por exemplo, foi conseguido utilizando-se como porta-enxerto a jurubeba ‘Juna’ (Solanum stramonifolium) em enxerto de tomateiro comercial. Embora possibilite um bom nível de controle, o uso de espécies de jurubeba do subgênero Leptostemanum tem o inconveniente de possuir acúleos. Esta característica foi determinante no abandono da técnica da enxertia, pois comprometia consideravelmente o rendimento de trabalho ao ferir as mãos do enxertador. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade de híbridos interespecíficos de Solanum resistentes a patógenos de solo como porta-enxerto de tomateiro. Três híbridos interespecíficos: jiló ‘CNPH 221’ (S. aethiopicum) X jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’ (S. stramonifolium); berinjela ‘CNPH 171’(S. melongena) X jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’ (S. stramonifolium); jiló ‘CNPH 222’ (S. aethiopicum) X berinjela ‘Ciça’ (S. melongena);  e os acessos: jurubeba Juna ‘CNPH 19’; berinjela ‘CNPH 171’ e o porta-enxerto comercial de tomateiro ‘Guardião’ (Takii), foram avaliados como porta-enxerto do tomateiro comercial ‘Ellen’ (Feltrin) usado como enxerto, além de ‘Ellen’ auto-enxertado. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Hortaliças, em vasos com 8 litros de solo, e o método de enxertia usado foi o de fenda simples. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e oito plantas por parcela. As plantas foram submetidas aos tratos culturais normais da cultura em ambiente protegido. Foram avaliados a massa de frutos comerciais, total e refugo, e número total de frutos. As combinações com os híbridos interespecíficos não diferiram estatisticamente de ‘Ellen’ auto–enxertada para as variáveis avaliadas, indicando que estes porta-enxertos tem boa compatibilidade de enxertia com esta cultivar, além de não possuírem acúleos. Entre porta-enxertos simples, jurubeba juna ‘CNPH 19’ superou a berinjela ‘CNPH 171’ e não diferiu dos demais tratamentos.    ABSTRACT Under warm temperatures, high soil humidity, and in the presence of soilborne pathogens, conditions commonly found in protected crops and in some regions in Brazil, soil-associated diseases are a constraint to tomato production all year round. In the 1950’s, bacterial wilt control, for example, was achieved in small scale by grafting tomato onto jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium). Even though the level of bacterial wilt protection was adequate with this combination, the grafting technique was halted, since species of jurubeba of the subgenus Leptostemanum is very spiny, a characteristic that made the hand operation unpleasant and slow. The objective of this work was to test some spineless hybrids, previously screened for resistance to bacterial wilt, for their compatibility with tomato. Three interspecific hybrids: S. aethiopicum X S. stramonifolium; S. melongena X S. stramonifolium, and S. aethiopicum X S. melongena were tested as rootstocks for commercial cultivar Ellen, in comparison with self-grafted ‘Ellen’, as well as grafted on S. stramonifollium ‘CNPH 19’ and on S. melongena ‘CNPH 171’, resistant to bacterial wilt, and on commercial tomato rootstock ‘Guardião’. The experiment was carried out with cleft-grafted plants at the 5-leaf stage grown in 8-L pots in a greenhouse at Embrapa Vegetables, Brasilia, DF. The plants were disposed in a complete randomized block design, with plots made of eight plants in three replications. The crop was grown as commercially indicated for protected cultivation. The variables evaluated were total fruit weight, commercial fruit weight, and total fruit number. The combinations with the interspecific hybrids did not differ from self-grafted ‘Ellen’ for all the variables, indicating that they display good compatibility with this specific tomato cultivar. Among the self-pollinated rootstocks, S. stramonifolium was better than eggplant ‘CNPH 171’ in commercial fruit weight, but did not differ from the other treatments.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Géssyka R Albuquerque ◽  
Lucas P Lucena ◽  
Emanuel F Assunção ◽  
Júlio Carlos P Mesquita ◽  
Adriano Márcio F Silva ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt limits tomato production and resistant rootstocks could be important for the integrated management of the disease. Since there is an interaction between local bacterial strains and tomato genotype, this study aimed to evaluate 14 tomato rootstocks to bacterial wilt in the Mata mesoregion of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The rootstocks reaction to two sequevars of Ralstonia solanacearum and two of R. pseudosolanacearum was evaluated in four experiments carried out in the greenhouse using the completely randomized experimental design, with four replications composed of four plants each. Seven genotypes were selected to evaluate the reaction to bacterial wilt as rootstocks grafting in tomato plants ‘Tomini F1’ in a production area with disease history in the Chã Grande municipality, using randomized block design with four plants per treatment in each block. In the field experiment, disease symptoms were not observed in the grafted plants in ‘Guardião’, ‘Woodstock’, and ‘Yoshimatsu’. Regarding all experiments, ‘Guardião’ and ‘Muralha’ showed the best resistance levels and could be used in the integrated management of bacterial wilt and studied in plant breeding programs.


Author(s):  
Eggadi Ramesh ◽  
Subhamoy Sikder

Aim: “Standardization of integrated nutrient management for growth and yield of tomato”. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 treatments with three replications maintained. Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Faculty of Horticulture of Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, and Pundibari, Cooch Behar during Rabi season of 2019 - 2020. Methodology: The treatments consisted of different combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e., T1 (Recommended NPK), T2 (100% FYM), T3 (100% VC), T4 (100% PM), T5 (100% NC), T6 (100% VC + 100% FYM + 100% PM + 100% NC), T7 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC), T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM), T9 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC), T10 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC), T11 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + PSB), T12 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + PSB), T13 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC + PSB) and T14 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC + PSB). Results: All the growth and yield parameters were recorded maximum stem girth at last harvest (14.85mm), days to first flowering (27.46), number of truss per plant (20.59), individual fruit weight (127.71g), fruit yield per plant (4.49 kg) and yield per hector (99.52t/ha) with treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM). Conclusion: The application of treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM) shown enhanced tomato production with minimal alteration to environment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE TREVISANI ◽  
RITA CAROLINA DE MELO ◽  
MAURO PORTO COLLI ◽  
JEFFERSON LUÍS MEIRELLES COIMBRA ◽  
ALTAMIR FREDERICO GUIDOLIN

ABSTRACT Knowledge about associations between traits is fundamental for plant breeding, since indirect selection can accelerate the development of promising genotypes. This study assessed the magnitude of associations between agronomically important traits in fisális (Physalis peruviana L). The experiment was conducted in Lages, Santa Catarina, and the treatments consisted of six fisális populations. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with two replications and seven plants per plot. The correlations between traits were estimated based on the Pearson correlation coefficients and partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. Fruit weight was positively correlated with number of seeds (0.874), equatorial fruit diameter (0.738) and polar fruit diameter (0.672). By path analysis, number of seeds was identified as the trait with the highest direct contribution to fruit weight. The high phenotypic correlations between the equatorial and polar fruit diameters with fruit weight were mainly due to the indirect effect via number of seeds (0.505 and 0.459). The selection for heavier fisális fruits was strongly influenced by number of seeds, i.e., this trait should be taken into account for selection.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATEUS DA SILVEIRA PASA ◽  
BRUNO CARRA ◽  
CARINA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARLISE NARA CIOTTA ◽  
ALBERTO FONTANELLA BRIGHENTI ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. Ethylene is associated with abscission of flowers and fruitlets. Then, the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors, such as AVG, is a potential tool to increase fruit set of pears. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG, sprayed at different rates and timings, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pear. The study was performed in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of São Joaquim, SC, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of ‘Rocha’ pear trees grafted on quince rootstock ‘BA29’. AVG was tested at different rates (60 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1) and timings [full bloom, one week after full bloom (WAFB), and two WAFB), either alone or in combination. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with at least five single-tree replications. The fruit set, number of fruit per tree, yield, estimated yield, fruit weight, return bloom, and fruit quality attributes were assessed. Fruit set and yield were consistently increased by single applications of AVG at 60 and 80 mg L-1 at both one and two weeks after full bloom, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes and return bloom.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizqillah Hidayat

       Watermelon come from arid tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. Watermelon is an annual plant that grows and requires full sun. Lebak swamp soil is known to have the properties and properties of acid sulphate soils that affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Fertilizers are the key to soil fertility. Compound fertilizer is a fertilizer that contains several nutrients, for example nutrients (nitrogen), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). This study aims (i) to obtain influence and (ii) the best dosage of various applications of NPK Compound fertilizer dosage on the growth and yield of watermelon plants on lebak wetland. The study was conducted in Teluk Buluh Village, Banjang District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in July - September 2013, this study used a single randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications so that there were 25 experimental units. The factors tested were various doses of Compound NPK fertilizer, namely m1: 0.333 t.ha-1 (200 g / bed), m2: 0.666 t.ha-1 (400 g / bed), m3: 0.999 t.ha-1 ( 600 g / bed), m4: 1,332 t.ha-1 (800 g / bed) and m5: 1,665 t.ha-1 (1000 g / bed). The results of this study indicate that the dosage of Compound NPK fertilizer given to watermelon plants in swampland area had a significant effect on plant length and number of leaves aged 25 HST and 30 HST and had a very significant effect on the fruit weight and number of watermelon plants with the best treatment is  m3: 0.999 t.ha-1 (600 g / bed).


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalaiselvan ◽  
S. Anuja

The present investigation consisted of 9 lines, 3 testers with their 27 F1 hybrids developed through line x tester mating fashion in randomized block design with three replications. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for gca and sca effects, respectively. Among the parents, maximum gca effect was found in EC 112241 and Aruna for inter node distance, EC 112241 and Arka Anamika for single fruit weight, EC 109454, EC 169344 and Arka Anamika for number of branches per plant, EC 169331 and Arka Anamika for number of fruits per plant, EC 109454 and Aruna for plant height at final harvest. The crosses exhibited maximum positive significant sca effect was observed in EC 112241 x Aruna, EC 109454 x Kashi Kranti and EC 112264 x Aruna were found as good specific combiners for single fruit weight, number of branches per plant and number of fruits per plant respectively. The hybrid EC 112264 x Aruna exhibited maximum significant negative sca effects for inter node distance and plant height at final harvest.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rini Sitawati ◽  
Firman Satya Nugraha ◽  
Fiqriah Hanum Khumairah ◽  
Sri Nur Widyastuti L

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one type of vegetable crop favored by the Indonesian people. Its  cultivation requires specific planting medium and rich in nutriens to meet plant growth and development need. This study aims to obtain the best ratio of soil mass and chicken manure fertilizer which can increase common bean growth and yield . This experiment was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019, in Langensari Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency with an altitude of 1,200 m above sea level. The experiment used  Randomized Block Design (RBD)consisted of 5 treatments and repeated 5 times, namely  A = 4.0 kg of soil: 0.0 kg chicken manure , B = 2.0 kg of soil: 2.0 kg chicken manure , C =1,3 kg of soil  :2,7  kg chicken manure, D= 1,0 kg of soil : 3,0 kg chicken manure, and E = 2,7 kg of soil : 1,3 kg chiken manure per polibag.  Results showed that the use of planting media with a soil media mass ratio of  2,0 kg of soil : 2,0 kg chiken manure increase  plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight compared the other treatmens, but the  flowering and fruiting age of the plants were not different beetwen  between treatments given.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Marietje Pesireron ◽  
Sheny S Kaihatu ◽  
Rein E Senewe

The low yield of cabbage in Maluku is thought to due to the lack of attention of farmers to grow to crop because so far farmers think it can only grow well and forms crops in the highlands, so no one wants to grow cabbage. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of five cabbage varieties with the use of several types of mulches and was carried out in Gemba Village, Kairatu Subdistrict, Western Seram Regency. The experimental design used was the factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and the farmers as replications. The first factor was five varieties of cabbage (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green Hero, Green Coronet, KK-Koss), the second factor was the type of mulch, consisting of four types, namely: without mulch (M0), black silver plastic mulch, straw mulch, and husk mulch. The data obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and DMRT test at the level of 5% if necessary. Parameters observed included plant height at 45 days after planting, leaf number, percentage of crop formation, percentage of pest and disease attacks, crop circumference per plant at harvest, fruit weight, and yield.  The study results showed that the five varieties tested with the use of various types of mulch had the potentials to be developed in Maluku. Varieties with the highest yields and very good adaptation to lowland environments in Maluku included Sehati-F1 and KK-Cross. Pest control by using plant-based pesticides in a combination with scheduled mechanical control (yellow plates, pitfalls, and stick traps) could reduce the levels of pest and disease attacks and the crops appeared healthy for consumption. Keywords: cabbage, lowland, mulch   ABSTRAK Rendahnya produksi kubis di Maluku diduga akibat kurangnya perhatian petani untuk bertanam kubis, yang dikarenakan selama ini petani mengira kubis hanya dapat tumbuh baik dan membentuk krop di dataran tinggi, sehingga sedikit petani yang mau berusahatani kubis. Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaan hasil lima varietas kubis dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa di desa Gemba, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dan petani sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah lima varietas kubis (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green hero, Green Coronet, KK-Cross); faktor kedua adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri dari empat macam, yaitu: tanpa mulsa (M0), mulsa plastic hitam perak, mulsa jerami dan mulsa sekam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5% sesuai kebutuhan. Peubah-peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman umur 45 hari setelah tanam (hst), jumlah daun, persentase pembentukan krop, persentase serangan hama dan penyakit, lingkar buah per tanaman saat panen, bobot buah dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima varietas yang di uji dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa sangat berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di Maluku berdasarkan kemampuannya membentuk krop. Varietas dengan produksi tertinggi dan beradaptasi sangat baik terhadap lingkungan dataran rendah di lokasi penelitian adalah Sehati-F1 dan KK-Cross. Penggendalian hama dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati yang dikombinasikan dengan pengendalian secara mekanis (tampan kuning, pitfoll dan sticky trap) secara terjadwal dapat menurunkan tingkat serangan hama dan penyakit, dan menghasilkan tanaman-tanaman yang sehat. Kata Kunci: dataran rendah, kubis, mulsa, varietas


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Cecília de Mattos Grisi ◽  
Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira ◽  
Leo Duc Haa Carson Schwartzhaupt da Conceição ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Marcelo Fideles Braga ◽  
...  

Abstract The interspecific introgression of resistance genes to diseases in commercial varieties through interspecific crosses has been adopted as a strategy in breeding programs of sour passion fruit. This work aimed to evaluate 11 progenies of multispecific hybrids obtained from crosses involving seven Passiflora species, in addition to four commercial cultivars, using the REML/BLUP method. The experiment was carried out as a randomized block design with six repetitions and three plants per plot. Ten fruit traits were evaluated. The additive, multiplicative, and sum of ranks indexes were applied to determine the most appropriate selective strategy in the simultaneous increase of fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield. Plants from the 325 x VAO progeny showed a lower bacterial defoliation index and better means predicted for the traits number of fruits and productivity. The progenies 325 x LD4, PL3 x LD4, and the controls CSB-Marília and BRS-Gigante Amarelo showed plants with better-predicted means for traits related to fruit quality. The genetic gains demonstrated good prospects for the use of wild species in sour passion fruit genetic breeding.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Mahdalena

ABSTRACT   "Effect of Concentration of Household Waste Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Planting Media on Growth and Production of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L)". The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing waste on various growing media and the interaction of the two treatments on the growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L). This research was carried out for 4 months, starting from December 2020 to March 2021, the location of the research on the Practicum Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda is located on Jln. K. H Wahid Hasyim, Sempaja Village, North Samarinda District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. The research method used a randomized block design with a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 3 replications. The first factor is organic fertilizer of rice washing waste (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 (control), P1 250 ml + 750 ml water, P2 500 ml + 500 ml water, and P3 750 ml + 250 ml water. The second factor is the planting medium (M) which consists of 4 levels, namely M0 (control) 15 kg, M1 soil 10 kg + husk charcoal 5 kg (2: 1), M2 soil 10 kg + sawdust 5 kg (2: 1) , M3 soil 5 kg + husk charcoal 5 kg + sawdust 5 kg ( 1 : 1 : 1 ). Observation variables were plant height, stem diameter, harvest age, and fruit weight. The results showed that the effect of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing waste on various planting media and the interaction of the two treatments did not give the best effect on the growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L). Keywords: Fertilizer, Fertilizer, and Organic Media.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document