The role of extracellular matrix composition in structure and function of bioengineered skeletal muscle

The function of muscle is to contract, which means to exert force on a substrate. The adaptations required for skeletal muscle differentiation, from a prototypic cell, involve specialization of housekeeping cytoskeletal contracting and supporting systems into crystalline arrays of proteins. Here I discuss the changes that all three cytoskeletal systems (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) undergo through myogenesis. I also discuss their interaction, through the membrane, to extracellular matrix and to other cells, where force will be exerted during contraction. The three cytoskeletal systems are necessary for the muscle cell and must exert complementary roles in the cell. Muscle is a responsive system, where structure and function are integrated: the structural adaptations it undergoes depend on force production. In this way, the muscle cytoskeleton is a portrait of its physiology. I review the cytoskeletal proteins and structures involved in muscle function and focus particularly on their role in myogenesis, the process by which this incredible muscle machine is made. Although the focus is on skeletal muscle, some of the discussion is applicable to cardiac and smooth muscle.

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Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix

Muscle & Nerve ◽

10.1002/mus.22094 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 318-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 355

Author(s):

Allison R. Gillies ◽

Richard L. Lieber

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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BIOMARKERS OF CARDIAC FIBROSIS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Modern medical technologies ◽

10.34287/mmt.4(47).2020.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Author(s):

N. Ya. Dotsenko ◽

L. V. Gerasimenko ◽

S. S. Boev ◽

I. A. Shekhunova ◽

A. V. Molodan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Myocardial Fibrosis ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Myocardial Remodeling ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function

Abstract The article presents a review of the literature on the role of myocardial fibrosis in the development of myocardial remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension. Information about the state of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix in health and disease is generalized. The characteristics of myocardial fibrosis biomarkers detection in the circulating blood are reflected. Keywords: arterial hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, extracellular matrix, collagen, biomarkers.

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Structure and function of small airways in asthma patients revisited

European Respiratory Review ◽

10.1183/16000617.0186-2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (159) ◽

pp. 200186

Author(s):

Wytse B. van den Bosch ◽

Alan L. James ◽

Harm A.W.M. Tiddens

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Asthma Severity ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Small Airways ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

Almost All ◽

And Function ◽

Modelling Methods

Small airways (<2 mm in diameter) are probably involved across almost all asthma severities and they show proportionally more structural and functional abnormalities with increasing asthma severity. The structural and functional alterations of the epithelium, extracellular matrix and airway smooth muscle in small airways of people with asthma have been described over many years using in vitro studies, animal models or imaging and modelling methods. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of these observations and to outline several potential pathophysiological mechanisms regarding the role of small airways in asthma.

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Microenvironmental Regulators of Tissue Structure and Function Also Regulate Tumor Induction and Progression: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Its Degrading Enzymes

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology ◽

10.1101/sqb.2005.70.013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 70 (0) ◽

pp. 343-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

M.J. BISSELL ◽

P.A. KENNY ◽

D.C. RADISKY

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Tumor Induction ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

And Function

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Structure and Function of Retinal Synapses: Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules and Extracellular Matrix

Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision ◽

10.7551/mitpress/5557.003.0015 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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New Insights into the Structural Roles of Nebulin in Skeletal Muscle

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2010/968139 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Coen A. C. Ottenheijm ◽

Henk Granzier

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Thin Filament ◽

Force Production ◽

Nemaline Myopathy ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Filament Length ◽

Thin Filaments ◽

Muscle Structure ◽

And Function

One important feature of muscle structure and function that has remained relatively obscure is the mechanism that regulates thin filament length. Filament length is an important aspect of muscle function as force production is proportional to the amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments. Recent advances, due in part to the generation of nebulin KO models, reveal that nebulin plays an important role in the regulation of thin filament length. Another structural feature of skeletal muscle that is not well understood is the mechanism involved in maintaining the regular lateral alignment of adjacent sarcomeres, that is, myofibrillar connectivity. Recent studies indicate that nebulin is part of a protein complex that mechanically links adjacent myofibrils. Thus, novel structural roles of nebulin in skeletal muscle involve the regulation of thin filament length and maintaining myofibrillar connectivity. When these functions of nebulin are absent, muscle weakness ensues, as is the case in patients with nemaline myopathy with mutations in nebulin. Here we review these new insights in the role of nebulin in skeletal muscle structure.

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Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix: Composition, Structure and Function

10.32545/encyclopedia202006.0010.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Khurshid Ahmad ◽

Inho Choi ◽

Yong-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

The Body ◽

Matrix Composition ◽

Ecm Remodeling ◽

Insulin Activity ◽

Core Tissue ◽

Composition Structure ◽

And Function

The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes, and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

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Adventitial fibroblasts in vascular structure and function: the role of oxidative stress and beyondThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y10-015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hui Di Wang ◽

Matthew T. Rätsep ◽

Alexander Chapman ◽

Ryan Boyd

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Blood Vessel ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vascular Structure ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Adventitial Fibroblasts ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function

The vascular adventitia, defined as the area between the external elastic lamina and the outermost edge of the blood vessel, is composed primarily of fibroblasts and for years was thought to be merely a passive structural support for the blood vessel. Consequently, studies pertaining to the role of the adventitia in regulating vascular function have been far outnumbered by those regarding the vascular endothelium. However, recent work has begun to reveal the dynamic properties of the adventitia. It was therefore the aim of this review to provide an overview of the existing knowledge demonstrating the role of the adventitia in regulating vessel structure and function. The main topics covered in this review include the cellular composition of the adventitia and the role of the adventitia in vascular oxidative stress, vasomotor responses, extracellular matrix protein expression, growth factor expression, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. Recent evidence suggests that the adventitia is a major producer of vascular reactive oxygen species. It displays a distinct response to injury, hypoxia, and pulmonary hypertension, mediating vascular remodelling, repair, and extracellular matrix deposition. It may also play a role in regulating vascular tone. More recently, it has been reported that adventitial fibroblasts can produce ET-1 after Ang II treatment. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that the adventitia may be a potent source of vasoactive hormones such as growth factors and ET-1, which may regulate vascular structure and function via autocrine or paracrine signalling mechanisms. Despite these findings, many important questions regarding the role of the vascular adventitia remain unanswered, suggesting the need for further research to determine its exact function in health and disease.

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