A single dose of the antineoplastics hydroxyurea or cisplatin has praziquantel-like effects on Schistosoma mansoni worms and host mouse liver

Preschool children suffer from morbidity attributable to Schistosoma mansoni. We compared a single and double dose of praziquantel treatment on the regression of S. mansoni associated morbidity in children less than six years in Uganda. We measured the sizes of spleen and liver as well as liver fibrosis before treatment and 8 months after treatment among children who either received one dose (n = 201) or two doses (n = 184) of praziquantel (standard oral dose of 40 mg/kg body weight). Heamoglobin measurements were also taken. Overall, liver enlargement reduced from 52.2% (95% CI (Confidence interval) 45.1, 59.3) to 17.9% (95% CI 12.9, 23.9) with a single dose and from 48.4 (95% CI 40.9, 55.8) to 17.9% (95% CI 12.7, 24.3) with a double dose and there was no significant difference between the changes in proportion of children with enlarged liver between the two treatment groups. The proportion of children with enlarged spleen was not significantly reduced in the group treated with either one or two doses, 47.8% (95% CI 41.7, 54.9) to 45.3% (95% CI 38.3, 52.4) and 48.4% (95% CI 40.9,55.8) to 40.8% 95% CI 33.6, 48.2), respectively. Liver fibrosis detected among children getting single dose (n = 9) or double doses (n = 13) resolved after treatment with praziquantel. The number of children with low heamoglobin significantly reduced from 51.2% (95% CI 44.1, 58.3) to 0.5% (0.2, 0.8) and 61.4% (95% CI 53.9,68.5) to 1.1% (95% CI 0.1, 3.9) after single and double dose treatment, respectively. These results suggest that there is no evidence of a difference in effect between one dose of praziquantel and two doses in reversing morbidity attributable to S. mansoni among children less than six years of age.

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The binding of o-aminoazotoluene to deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in the C57 mouse

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1090917 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 917-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T A Lawson

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Mouse Liver ◽

Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽

Covalent Binding ◽

Male Mice ◽

Micro Scale ◽

Female Mice ◽

Dna And Rna

1. 3H-labelled o-aminoazotoluene was synthesized from [G−3H]o-toluidine on a semi-micro scale. 2. An association of 3H with DNA, RNA and protein from the liver, kidney and spleen of female C57b mice was demonstrated after the administration of a single dose of [3H]o-aminoazotoluene. 3. This association is judged to represent covalent binding as a result of experiments involving solvent extraction, examination of the acid hydrolysates of the DNA and RNA and administration of [3H]water with unlabelled o-aminoazotoluene. 4. Examination of the extents of binding at various times after the administration of a single dose of [3H]o-aminoazotoluene showed that there was a peak of binding to liver DNA in the female mice at about 16hr. that was not present in the male mice. 5. The extent of binding to DNA, RNA and protein at 16hr. in the female C57b mouse liver was greater than that in the spleen and kidney.

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Schistosoma mansoni: preclinical studies with 9-acridanone-hydrazones in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651991000100010 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 50-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho ◽

Leógenes Horácio Pereira

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Worm Burden ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Cebus Monkeys ◽

Derivatives Of

Derivatives of acridine (9-Acridanone-hydrazones) were tested in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, at the dosages of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/kg (p.o., single dose). At least, four compounds seemed to be very promising, promoting alterations in the oogram and reducing the worm burden drastically, even at the lowest dose (12.5 mg/kg). No side effects could be detected after drug administration.

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In Vivo Effect of Heparin on Acid and Alkaline Ribonuclease Activities of Mouse Liver

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.184.2.415 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 184 (2) ◽

pp. 415-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gaston De Lamirande ◽

George Weber ◽

Antonio Cantero

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Mouse Liver ◽

Single Injection ◽

Coagulation Time ◽

Alkaline Ribonuclease ◽

Blood Coagulability

A single dose of 30 µg/gm body weight of depo-heparin was injected subcutaneously into white Swiss mice. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours after the injection, the blood coagulation time was measured and the activity of acid and alkaline ribonuclease of liver was determined. This single injection of depo-heparin significantly inhibited the acid and alkaline ribonucleases of liver 1 hour after injection. The enzymatic activities significantly increased after the blood coagulability was restored. The in vivo inhibition of acid and alkaline ribonuclease activity supports the explanation that the accumulation of ribonucleic acid in cells of tissue culture in the presence of heparin might be due to the inhibition of ribonuclease.

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ALTERATIONS IN THE CARCINOGEN METABOLIZING CAPACITIES OF MOUSE-LIVER DURING SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI INFECTION

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo.2.4.695 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

MH MOSTAFA ◽

SA SHEWEITA ◽

AH ELKOWEIDY ◽

AF BADAWI

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Mouse Liver

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Efficacy of Mebendazole and Praziquantel against Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Schistosoma mansoni Infections among Schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6682418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Kefale Ejigu ◽

Tadesse Hailu ◽

Megbaru Alemu

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Periodic Evaluation ◽

The Tropics ◽

Egg Reduction Rate

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni are the main causes of morbidity among schoolchildren in the tropics. A school-based deworming program was launched to control and eliminate the infection in endemic countries including Ethiopia. Although periodic deworming is conducted in endemic areas, the prevalence of the infection is high in the country. In addition, periodic evaluation of the efficacy of the anthelminthic drug is limited. Objective. This study is aimed at checking the efficacy of mebendazole and praziquantel with the respective STHs and Schistosoma mansoni parasites. Methods. A longitudinal study was conducted from February to March 2018 among 422 schoolchildren. Stool samples were collected at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks posttreatment and were processed using the Kato-Katz technique. Schoolchildren positive for STHs were treated with mebendazole and those positive for Schistosoma mansoni with praziquantel. After two weeks, a second round of stool was collected and examined, and then, single-dose redosing was given to each positive child. Lastly, the third stool sample was collected two weeks after the initiation of the redosing and checked for STHs and S. mansoni parasites. A close follow-up of students who were treated was done. All the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to compute the cure rate and egg reduction rate of mebendazole and praziquantel. Results. Among 422 participants, the prevalence of STHs, hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and S. mansoni was 44.7%, 35.1%, 21.1%, and 13.9%, respectively. The cure rate of mebendazole against A. lumbricoides increased from 60% in the single dose to 100% in redosing after two weeks. The cure rate of mebendazole against hookworm also increased from 32.4% in the single dose to 91.0% in the redosing. The cure rate of praziquantel against S. mansoni-infected children was 91.5% in the first round and 100% in the redosing phase. There was a 98.6-100% egg reduction rate in the redosing regimen of both drugs. Conclusion. The cure and egg reduction rates of single-dose mebendazole in the treatment of hookworm and A. lumbricoides are lower at week two than at redosing, while cure and egg reduction rates of single-dose praziquantel are satisfactory to treat S. mansoni. Therefore, single-dose praziquantel to S. mansoni and redosing of single-dose mebendazole to A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections can be used for treatment purposes.

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Evidence for a long-term effect of a single dose of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni-induced hepatosplenic lesions in northern Uganda.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.927 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 927-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

K Frenzel ◽

U Schweigmann ◽

T Loroni-Lakwo ◽

C M Ndugwa ◽

E Odongo-Aginya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Term Effect ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Long Term Effect

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Host Mouse Strain Is Not Selective for a Laboratory Adapted Strain of Schistosoma mansoni

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.1645/ge-2671.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 518-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Walter A. Blank ◽

Shi Fan Liu ◽

Jayendra Prasad ◽

Ronald E. Blanton

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Mouse Strain ◽

Host Mouse

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Efficacy and Safety of Praziquantel for Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni Infection among School Children in Tanzania

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9010028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajabu Hussein Mnkugwe ◽

Omary S. Minzi ◽

Safari M. Kinung’hi ◽

Appolinary A. Kamuhabwa ◽

Eleni Aklillu

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Single Dose ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Pre Treatment

Single-dose targeted praziquantel preventive chemotherapy is the WHO-recommended intervention for schistosomiasis control in endemic countries. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-dose praziquantel among Schistosoma mansoni-infected children in north-western Tanzania. A prospective safety and efficacy surveillance study was conducted among 341 school-going children treated with a single-dose praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight. Socio-demographic, pre-treatment, and post-treatment stool examination and safety data were collected. The primary and secondary outcomes were treatment efficacy (parasitological cure and egg reduction rates at three weeks post-treatment) and treatment-related adverse events, respectively. The overall cure rate and egg reduction rate were 81.2% (76.8–85.3%) and 95.0% (92.7–97.3%), respectively. There was no significant association between cure rate and pre-treatment infection intensity. The incidence of treatment-associated adverse events was 28.5% (23.7–33.3%), with abdominal pain being the most common. Post-treatment abdominal pain and vomiting were significantly associated with pre-treatment infection intensity (p < 0.001) and anemia (p = 0.03), respectively. Praziquantel single-dose is still safe and efficacious against Schistosoma mansoni infection. However, the lack of cure in about one-fifth and adverse events in a quarter, of the infected children indicate the need for close praziquantel safety monitoring and treatment optimization research to improve efficacy.

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