scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni: preclinical studies with 9-acridanone-hydrazones in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho ◽  
Leógenes Horácio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Cebus Monkeys ◽  
Derivatives Of

Derivatives of acridine (9-Acridanone-hydrazones) were tested in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, at the dosages of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/kg (p.o., single dose). At least, four compounds seemed to be very promising, promoting alterations in the oogram and reducing the worm burden drastically, even at the lowest dose (12.5 mg/kg). No side effects could be detected after drug administration.

Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J. San Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

Acyl-Enzymes as Thrombolytic Agents in Dog Models of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Dupe ◽  
P D English ◽  
R A G Smith ◽  
J Green
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
Thrombosis Model ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryA quantitative model of venous thrombosis in the beagle dog is described. The model was adapted to permit ageing of isolated experimental clots in vivo. A model of acute pulmonary embolism in this species is also described. In the venous thrombosis model, infusion of streptokinase (SK) or SK-activated human plasmin gave significant lysis but bolus doses of SK. plasmin complex were ineffective. Active site anisoylated derivatives of SK. plasminogen complex, SK-activated plasmin and activator-free plasmin were all active when given as bolus doses in both models. At lytic doses, the acyl-enzymes caused fewer side-effects attributable to plasminaemia than the corresponding unmodified enzymes.

scholarly journals Comparing the efficacy and side-effects of PDLASTA® (Pegfilgrastim) with PDGRASTIM® (Filgrastim) in breast cancer patients: a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa Najafi ◽  
Maryam Ansari ◽  
Vahid Kaveh ◽  
Shahpar Haghighat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Injection Site Reaction ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of a single dose (Pegfilgrastim or PDL) or repeated six daily injections (Filgrastim or PDG) during chemotherapy courses in breast cancer patients in a non-inferiority clinical trial. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 80 patients were recruited and allocated randomly to two equal arms. In one group, a single subcutaneous dose of PDL was injected the day after receiving the chemotherapy regimen in each cycle. The second arm received a subcutaneous injection of PDG for six consecutive days in each cycle of treatment. The side effects of GCF treatment and its effect on blood parameters were compared in each cycle and during eight cycles of chemotherapy. Results Hematologic parameters showed no significant differences in any of the treatment courses between the two study groups. The comparison of WBC (p = 0.527), Hgb (p = 0.075), Platelet (p = 0.819), Neutrophil (p = 0.575), Lymphocyte (p = 705) and ANC (p = 0.675) changes during the eight courses of treatment also revealed no statistically significant difference between the two study groups. Side effects including headache, injection site reaction and muscle pain had a lower frequency in patients receiving PDL drugs. Conclusion It seems that PDL is non-inferior in efficacy and also less toxic than PDG. Since PDL can be administered in a single dose and is also less costly, it can be regarded as a cost-effective drug for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Trial registration IRCT20190504043465N1, May 2019.

The Effect of a Single Dose of Quazepam (Sch-16134) on the Sleep of Chronic Insomniacs

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Roth ◽  
Elizabeth I Tietz ◽  
Milton Kramer ◽  
Mark Kaffeman
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Polysomnographic Recording

The present study evaluated the efficacy of 25 mg of quazepam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a population of chronic insomniacs. The results indicate that a single dose (25 mg) administered for one night was efficacious when measured both objectively by polysomnographic recording and subjectively by questionnaire with no reported side-effects. The change in the objective measures paralleled the direction of change in subjective measures. Sleep efficiency and sleep maintenance were improved without EEG changes in Stages 2, 3-4, and REM. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of quazepam in chronic insomniacs.

Prophylactic intravenous gentamicin with sedation-free cystoscopic injection of BoNT-A: No demonstrable adverse extravesical neuromuscular effects in a pilot safety study of 220 idiopathic overactive bladder patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582110166
Author(s):  
Timothy P Napier-Hemy ◽  
Oladapo Feyisetan ◽  
Heather Stewart ◽  
Alaa Chamsin ◽  
Michael S Floyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Overactive Bladder Syndrome ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Intravesical Injection

Objectives: To determine whether administration of single dose prophylactic intravenous gentamicin prior to intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is associated with adverse extravesical neuromuscular effects in idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of 220 consecutive idiopathic overactive bladder patients following sedation-free flexible cystoscopic injection of intravesical BoNT-A. All patients received a single dose of intravenous gentamicin (160 mg) followed by 100-200 IU of BoNT-A. They were followed up at intervals to determine whether they had experienced any adverse extravesical neuromuscular side effects. Results: None of our patients developed adverse extravesical neuromuscular side effects from intravesical botulinum injections with concomitant administration of intravenous gentamicin. Conclusion: Single dose intravenous gentamicin is safe to use as a prophylaxis for intravesical BoNT-A injections of 200 IU or below in idiopathic overactive bladder patients. Level of evidence: Not applicable.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
José Javier Morales-Núñez ◽  
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽  
Carlos Meza-López ◽  
Lin-Fa Wang ◽  
Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbarán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Expected Result ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
The Usa

The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of side effects associated with a single dose of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 568-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia E. Acevedo-Diaz ◽  
Grace W. Cavanaugh ◽  
Dede Greenstein ◽  
Christoph Kraus ◽  
Bashkim Kadriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resistant Depression

Immunization efficacy of ozone-exposed cercariae against subsequent Schistosoma mansoni challenge infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Azza H. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Infected Control

AbstractCD1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with 20 ozone-exposed (70μg/ml, 1 minute exposure) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae weekly/three weeks. The efficacy of immunization was assessed 10 weeks post challenge infection by the determination of the worm burden, ova count, oogram, granuloma diameter, IgG reactions against soluble egg antigen (SEA) and tegument structural changes of recovered worms that are immunized. A reduced worm length and a reduction in worm burden were observed in the immunized group as compared to the infected not immunized group. Moreover, no ova were found in liver and intestine from the immunized mice as compared with infected control mice. Also, immunization with ozonated cercariae showed a decrement in the mean relative weight of liver and spleen. Total leukocyte count was increased in the immunized animal as compared to the infected control. The level of total IgG antibody against SEA decreased in immunized mice as compared with the infected control mice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of worms recovered 10 weeks post challenge from the immunized group revealed extensive tegumental destruction. This study underlines the significant role of ozone attenuated cercariae vaccine against S. mansoni infection, which generated specific immunity with a significant level of protection.

Mitochondria as a potential target for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs against Schistosoma mansoni infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Kiplangat Talaam ◽  
Daniel Ken Inaoka ◽  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
Daigo Tsubokawa ◽  
Naotoshi Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Prophylactic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Pyrvinium Pamoate

Emergence of parasites resistant to praziquantel, the only therapeutic agent, and its ineffectiveness as a prophylactic agent (inactive against the migratory/juvenile Schistosoma mansoni ), makes the development of new antischistosomal drugs urgent. The parasite’s mitochondrion is an attractive target for drug development because this organelle is essential for survival throughout the parasite’s life cycle. We investigated the effects of 116 compounds against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae motility that have been reported to affect mitochondria-related processes in other organisms. Next, eight compounds plus two controls (mefloquine and praziquantel) were selected and assayed against motility of schistosomula ( in vitro ) and adults ( ex vivo ). Prophylactic and therapeutic assays were performed using infected mouse models. Inhibition of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was assayed using Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. All selected compounds showed excellent prophylactic activity, reducing the worm burden in the lungs to less than 15% that obtained in the vehicle control. Notably, ascofuranone showed the highest activity with a 98% reduction of the worm burden, suggesting the potential for development of ascofuranone as a prophylactic agent. The worm burden of infected mice with S. mansoni at the adult stage was reduced by more than 50% in mice treated with mefloquine, nitazoxanide, amiodarone, ascofuranone, pyrvinium pamoate, or plumbagin. Moreover, adult mitochondrial OCR was severely inhibited by ascofuranone, atovaquone, and nitazoxanide, while pyrvinium pamoate inhibited both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial OCRs. These results demonstrate that the mitochondria of S. mansoni are feasible target for drug development.

scholarly journals Synergistic action of praziquantel and host specific immune response against Schistosoma mansoni at different phases of infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro ◽  
Rômulo Teixeira de Mello ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares ◽  
John Robert Kusel ◽  
Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Concomitant Immunity

The interaction between specific immune response to Schistosoma mansoni and praziquantel (PZQ) was studied in mice. In mice harboring concomitant immunity, 6-day-old parasites treated with PZQ were more effectively removed than 24h treated parasites despite both had a significant worm burden reduction when compared with respective treated controls. These results show that PZQ can be effective at the skin and lung stages of parasite's development mainly acting with a established specific immune response, and particularly at the lung phase.

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