Multimodal Neuroimaging and Suicidality in a U.S. Population-Based Sample of School-Aged Children

AbstractImportanceSuicide deaths and suicidality are considered a public health emergency, yet their brain underpinnings remain elusive.ObjectiveTo examine individual, environmental, and clinical characteristics, as well as multimodal brain imaging correlates of suicidality in a US population-based sample of school-aged children.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the first wave of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development studySettingMulticenter population-based studyParticipantsChildren aged 9-10 years from unreferred, community samples with suicidality data available (n=7,994). Following quality control, we examined structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) (n=6,238), resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) (n=4,134), and task-based fMRI (range n=4,075 to 4,608).ExposureLifetime suicidality, defined as suicidal ideation, plans and attempts reported by children or/and caregivers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultimodal neuroimaging analyses examined differences with Welch’s t-test and Equivalence Tests, with observed effect sizes (ES, Cohen’s d) and their 90% confidence interval (CI) < |0.15|. Predictive values were examined using the area under precision-recall curves (AUPRC). Measures included, cortical volume and thickness, large-scale network connectivity and task-based MRI of reward processing, inhibitory control and working memory.ResultsAmong the 7,994 unrelated children (3,757 females [47.0%]), those will lifetime suicidality based on children (n=684 [8.6%]; 276 females [40.4%]), caregiver (n=654 [8.2%]; 233 females [35.6%]) or concordant reports (n=198 [2.5%]; 67 females [33.8%]), presented higher levels of social adversity and psychopathology on themselves and their caregivers compared to never-suicidal children (n=6,854 [85.7%]; 3,315 females [48.3%]). A wide range of brain areas was associated with suicidality, but only one test (0.06%) survived statistical correction: children with caregiver-reported suicidality had a thinner left bank of the superior temporal sulcus compared to never-suicidal children (ES=-0.17, 95%CI -0.26, -0.08, pFDR=0.019). Based on the prespecified bounds of |0.15|, ∼48% of the group mean differences for child-reported suicidality comparisons and a ∼22% for parent-reported suicidality comparisons were considered equivalent. All observed ES were relatively small (d≤|0.20|) and with low predictive value (AUPRC≤0.10).Conclusion and RelevanceUsing commonly-applied neuroimaging measures, we were unable to find a discrete brain signature related to suicidality in youth. There is a great need for improved approaches to the neurobiology of suicide.

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Exhaled breath condensate pH determinants in school‐aged children: a population‐based study

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1111/pai.13564 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Azenha Rama ◽

Inês Paciência ◽

João Cavaleiro Rufo ◽

Diana Silva ◽

Pedro Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Population Based ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Population Based Study ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Breath Condensate

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Recent Trends in the Prescribing of ADHD Medications in Canadian Primary Care

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717720719 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachael Morkem ◽

Scott Patten ◽

John Queenan ◽

David Barber

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Population Based ◽

Adhd Medication ◽

Fourfold Increase ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Medication Prescribing ◽

And Gender ◽

Adhd Medications

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and incidence of ADHD medication prescribing, by age and gender, from 2005 to 2015 in Canadian primary care. Method: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing of ADHD medications between 2005 and 2015 using electronic medical record data. Yearly prevalence and incidence of ADHD medication prescribing were calculated for preschoolers (up to 5 years old), school-aged children (6-17 years old), and adults (18-65 years old) along with a description of the types of ADHD medications prescribed between 2005 and 2015. Results: Between 2005 and 2015, there was a 2.6-fold increase in the prevalence of ADHD medication prescribing to preschoolers, a 2.5-fold increase in school-aged children, and a fourfold increase in adults. There was a corresponding rise in incidence of prescribing although this rise was moderate and estimates were much lower compared with prevalence. The most commonly prescribed medication was Methylphenidate (65.0% of all ADHD medications prescribed). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of ADHD has remained stable over time, this study found an increase in the prescribing of ADHD medications in all age groups between 2005 and 2015. Incidence of new prescriptions was small relative to prevalence, suggesting that longer term treatments are being adopted.

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Sleep problems increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain in boys but not girls: a prospective cohort study

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-020-03667-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 179 (11) ◽

pp. 1711-1719

Author(s):

Alessandro Andreucci ◽

Paul Campbell ◽

Lisa K Mundy ◽

Susan M Sawyer ◽

Silja Kosola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

Abstract Adults with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain, but the evidence is less clear for children. This prospective cohort study investigated whether children with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain and explored whether sex is a modifier of this association. In a prospective cohort study of Australian schoolchildren (n = 1239, mean age 9 years), the associations between sleep problems at baseline and new onset of both musculoskeletal pain and persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain lasting > 3 months) 1 year later were investigated using logistic regression. The potential modifying effect of sex was also assessed. One-year incidence proportion for musculoskeletal pain onset is 43% and 7% for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Sleep problems were associated with musculoskeletal pain onset and persistent musculoskeletal pain onset in boys, odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.39, 5.62) and OR 3.70 (1.30, 10.54), respectively, but not girls OR 0.58 (0.28, 1.19) and OR 1.43 (0.41, 4.95), respectively. Conclusions: Rates of musculoskeletal pain are high in children. Boys with sleep problems are at greater risk of onset of musculoskeletal pain, but girls do not appear to have higher risk. Consideration of sleep health may help prevent persistent musculoskeletal pain in children. What is Known:• Sleep problems are associated with the onset of musculoskeletal pain in adults.• It is not clear if the association between sleep problems and the onset of musculoskeletal pain is present also in children and if sex plays a role in this association. What is New:• This is the first large population-based study that has prospectively investigated the relationship between sleep problems and onset of musculoskeletal pain in school-aged children.• Children, especially boys with sleep problems, were at increased risk for the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain.

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Health status of school-aged children with cerebral palsy: information from a population-based sample

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1017/s0012162201002018 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 44 (04) ◽

pp. 240 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Janneke Kennes ◽

Peter Rosenbaum ◽

Steven E Hanna ◽

Stephen Walter ◽

Dianne Russell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Health Status ◽

Population Based ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

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Incident psychiatric comorbidity following stress disorder diagnoses in Danish school-aged children: prospective population-based study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2019.247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 217 (1) ◽

pp. 377-382

Author(s):

Archana Basu ◽

Dóra Körmendiné Farkas ◽

Tammy Jiang ◽

Karestan C. Koenen ◽

Timothy L. Lash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Population Based ◽

Stress Disorders ◽

Behavioural Disorder ◽

Severe Stress ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Comparison Cohort ◽

Danish School

BackgroundProspective population-based studies of psychiatric comorbidity following trauma and severe stress exposure in children are limited.AimsTo examine incident psychiatric comorbidity following stress disorder diagnoses in Danish school-aged children using Danish national healthcare system registries.MethodChildren (6–15 years of age) with a severe stress or adjustment disorder (ICD-10) between 1995 and 2011 (n = 11 292) were followed prospectively for an average of 5.8 years. Incident depressive, anxiety and behavioural disorder diagnoses were examined relative to an age- and gender-matched comparison cohort (n = 56 460) using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Effect modification by gender was examined through stratified analyses.ResultsAll severe stress and adjustment disorder diagnoses were associated with increased rates for all incident outcome disorders relative to the comparison cohort. For instance, adjustment disorders were associated with higher rates of incident depressive (rate ratio RR = 6.8; 95% CI 6.0–7.7), anxiety (RR = 5.3; 95% CI 4.5–6.4), and behavioural disorders (RR = 7.9; 95% CI 6.6–9.3). Similarly, PTSD was also associated with higher rates of depressive (RR = 7.4; 95% CI 4.2–13), anxiety (RR = 7.1; 95% CI 3.5–14) and behavioural disorder (RR = 4.9; 95% CI 2.3–11) diagnoses. There was no evidence of gender-related differences.ConclusionsStress disorders varying in symptom constellation and severity are associated with a range of incident psychiatric disorders in children. Transdiagnostic assessments within a longitudinal framework are needed to characterise the course of post-trauma or severe stressor psychopathology.

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A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey of Trachoma among Migrant School Aged Children in Shanghai, China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/8692685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenwen Xue ◽

Lina Lu ◽

Jianfeng Zhu ◽

Xiangui He ◽

Jiangnan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Migrant Children ◽

World Health ◽

Close Attention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Comparison ◽

School Aged Children ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Population Based Survey

We investigated the prevalence of clinical trachoma in 154,265 children aged 6 to 16 years in 206 Shanghai migrant schools. Clean water availability in school, each child’s facial cleanliness, eyelids, corneas, and the presenting distance visual acuities were examined. Trachoma was clinically diagnosed in accordance with the World Health Organization simplified classification. Eyes diagnosed with trachoma were swabbed to test for ocularChlamydia trachomatisinfections (OCTI) with a rapid latex immunochromatographic test. Among 153,977 students, no blindness was found related to trachoma. Trachoma was diagnosed in 8029 children (5.2%). In 87 schools clinical trachoma prevalence was higher than 5%. OCTI was confirmed in 2073 of 6823 trachoma diagnosed children (30.4%). Clinical trachoma prevalence was higher among females than males (p<0.001), but gender comparison showed no statistical difference in the prevalence of OCTI (p=0.077). Age and clinical trachoma (r=-0.014;p<0.001) or OCTI (r=-0.026;p=0.031) prevalence were negatively correlated. Clinical trachoma was different in different districts and counties (p<0.001). Trachoma warrants close attention in Shanghai migrant children because the condition remains endemic in some schools.

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Sea water desalination and removal of iodine: effect on thyroid function

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.372 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 472-475

Author(s):

Gideon Koren ◽

Yona Amitai ◽

Meital Shlezinger ◽

Rachel Katz ◽

Varda Shalev

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Sea Water ◽

Population Based ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Before And After ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Abstract In Israel, about 55% of drinking water is derived from desalination (DSW) which removes all iodine. A recent study from Israel demonstrated high rates of iodine deficiency among school-aged children and pregnant women. There are concerns that low iodine may lead to impaired thyroid function. However, to date, the impact of consuming DSW on body iodine status has not been studied. The objective was to assess whether the increased use of DSW is associated with increased rates of hypothyroidism. Using data from a large health fund in Israel, we compared proportions of patients with higher than normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and lower than normal T3 and T4 levels before and after a massive desalination project became operational in August 2013 in areas with high vs. low use of DSW. Over 400,000 cases were compared in 2010–2013 vs. 2014–2016. Overall, there was no increase in the proportion of individuals with higher than normal TSH levels, or lower than normal T3 and T4 levels. In conclusion, in this population-based study, following the introduction of DSW, there was no evidence of increased incidence of low thyroid function tests, and the trends were similar in both areas highly consuming, or not consuming, DSW.

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