Pathology of Nodes of Ranvier in the Prefrontal Cortex is Comparable in Depressed Subjects and Rats Under Chronic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S204
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel-Hidalgo ◽  
Erik Hearn ◽  
Maggie Holmes ◽  
Austin Clark ◽  
Khunsa Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Nodes Of Ranvier

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Induced Remodeling of the Prefrontal Cortex: Structural Re-Organization of Microglia and the Inhibitory Effect of Minocycline

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hinwood ◽  
R. J. Tynan ◽  
J. L. Charnley ◽  
S. B. Beynon ◽  
T. A. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Alters Astrocyte Morphology in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra A. Codeluppi ◽  
Dipashree Chatterjee ◽  
Thomas D. Prevot ◽  
Keith A. Misquitta ◽  
Etienne Sibille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Sholl Analysis ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Stress Models

AbstractBackgroundNeuromorphological changes are consistently reported in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with stress-related disorders and in rodent stress models, but the effects of stress on astrocyte morphology and potential link to behavioral deficits are relatively unknown.MethodsTo answer these questions, transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) promotor were subjected to 7, 21 or 35 days of chronic restraint stress (CRS). CRS behavioral effects on anhedonia- and anxiety-like behaviours were measured using the sucrose intake and the PhenoTyper tests, respectively. PFC GFP+ or GFAP+ cells morphology was assessed using Sholl analysis and associations with behavior were determined using correlation analysis.ResultsCRS-exposed mice displayed anxiety-like behavior at 7, 21 and 35 days and anhedonia-like behavior at 35 days. Analysis of GFAP+ cell morphology revealed significant atrophy of distal processes following 21 and 35 days of CRS. CRS induced similar decreases in intersections at distal radii for GFP+ cells, accompanied by increased proximal processes. Additionally, the number of intersections at the most distal radius step significantly correlated with time spent in the shelter zone in the PhenoTyper test (r=-0.581, p<0.01) for GFP+ cells and with behavioural emotionality calculated by z-scoring all behavioral measured deficits, for both GFAP+ and GFP+ cells (r=-0.400, p<0.05; r=-0.399, p<0.05).ConclusionChronic stress exposure induces a progressive atrophy of cortical astroglial cells, potentially contributing to maladaptive neuroplastic changes associated with stress-related disorders.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial gene signature in the prefrontal cortex for differential susceptibility to chronic stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Weger ◽  
Daniel Alpern ◽  
Antoine Cherix ◽  
Sriparna Ghosal ◽  
Jocelyn Grosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction was highlighted as a crucial vulnerability factor for the development of depression. However, systemic studies assessing stress-induced changes in mitochondria-associated genes in brain regions relevant to depression symptomatology remain scarce. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic study to examine mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exposed to multimodal chronic restraint stress. We identified mitochondria-associated gene pathways as most prominently affected in the PFC and with lesser significance in the NAc. A more detailed mitochondrial gene expression analysis revealed that in particular mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were altered in the PFC. The comparison of our data with a reanalyzed transcriptome data set of chronic variable stress mice and major depression disorder subjects showed that the changes in mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes are a feature generalizing to other chronic stress-protocols as well and might have translational relevance. Finally, we provide evidence for changes in mitochondrial outputs in the PFC following chronic stress that are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our work reinforces the idea that changes in mitochondrial gene expression are key players in the prefrontal adaptations observed in individuals with high behavioral susceptibility and resilience to chronic stress.

scholarly journals Glutamine Supplementation Ameliorates Chronic Stress-induced Reductions in Glutamate and Glutamine Transporters in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyeong Baek ◽  
Arul Vignesh ◽  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Gu Seob Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Glutamine Transporters

scholarly journals Characterization of GABAergic Marker Expression in the Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701772045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounira Banasr ◽  
Ashley Lepack ◽  
Corey Fee ◽  
Vanja Duric ◽  
Jaime Maldonado-Aviles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Major Depressive

Background Evidence continues to build suggesting that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is altered in brains of patients with major depressive disorder. However, there is little information available related to the extent of these changes or the potential mechanisms associated with these alterations. As stress is a well-established precipitant to depressive episodes, we sought to explore the impact of chronic stress on GABAergic interneurons. Methods Using western blot analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we assessed the effects of five-weeks of chronic unpredictable stress exposure on the expression of GABA-synthesizing enzymes (GAD65 and GAD67), calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin), and neuropeptides co-expressed in GABAergic neurons (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and cholecystokinin) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. We also investigated the effects of corticosterone and dexamethasone exposure on these markers in vitro in primary cortical and hippocampal cultures. Results We found that chronic unpredictable stress induced significant reductions of GAD67 protein levels in both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-exposed rats but did not detect changes in GAD65 protein expression. Similar protein expression changes were found in vitro in cortical neurons. In addition, our results provide clear evidence of reduced markers of interneuron population(s), namely somatostatin and neuropeptide Y, in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting these cell types may be selectively vulnerable to chronic stress. Conclusion Together, this work highlights that chronic stress induces regional and cell type-selective effects on GABAergic interneurons in rats. These findings provide additional supporting evidence that stress-induced GABA neuron dysfunction and cell vulnerability play critical roles in the pathophysiology of stress-related illnesses, including major depressive disorder.

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