Links between carbon/nitrogen ratio, synergy and microbial characteristics of long-term semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of food waste, cattle manure and corn straw

2021 ◽  
pp. 126094
Author(s):  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Tianqi Kong ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Rundong Li ◽  
Tianhua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Metabolism of nitrogen during long-term incubation of soil treated with fresh and rotted organic materials

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Cornfield
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

The metabolism of nitrogen during incubation, at 28° C. for 184 days, of a soil treated with 1% by weight of five different bulky organic manures and 0·5% calcium carbonate was studied.1. Ammonia and nitrite could not be detected at any sampling date with any treatment, hence nitrate levels in treated soils compared with that in the control soil indicated the extent of mineralization or fixation of nitrogen.2. A good straw compost (carbon/nitrogen ratio, C/N, 20·6) was the only material which showed mineralization of nitrogen over practically the whole of the incubation period.3. Rotted farmyard manure (C/N 15–6) caused a small, whilst fresh grass (C/N 22·6), caused a fair amount of nitrogen fixation in the early stages, but there was a small overall mineralization of nitrogen by the final sampling.4. A poor straw compost (C/N 42·5) and straw (C/N 147·0) both caused considerable fixation of nitrogen in the early stages. With continuing incubation the bulk of the nitrogen fixed by the poor compost, but only a small portion of that fixed by the straw, was released.

scholarly journals Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Selected Cereal and Legume Crop Residues

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Crop residues have the potential to enhance soil fertility, but this is dependent on their biochemical quality. A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda to determine the chemical composition, nutrient release patterns and rates of selected crop residues. The design used was randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments comprised of 20g of finger millet, sorghum, cowpea and groundnut crop residues. Finger millet had the highest initial C (36.28%) and N (3.46%), cowpea had the highest initial P (0.60%) and Ca (0.30%) and groundnut shells had significantly the highest initial K (1.01%). Finger millet husks with the lowest carbon/nitrogen ratio, had significantly the highest rate of dry matter disappearance and nutrient release, while groundnut shells with the highest carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios had significantly the lowest nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates. At the end of incubation, finger millet husks had significantly the lowest N (0.29%) and C (10.22%), while cowpea husks had the lowest P (0.27%), K (0.18%) and Ca (0.27%). Nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates of crop residues occurred in the order of N > K > P > Ca and finger millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells, respectively. This study has demonstrated that finger millet husks released nutrients faster and this is beneficial for early planted crops, while groundnut shells released nutrients slowly which is appropriate for long term availability of plant nutrients.

Influence of amount of red worm (Eisenia foetida) on the organic matter degradation during vermicomposting of cattle manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
A Rahman ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MKJ Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
T1 And T2

This study aimed to understand the degradation pattern of organic substances through different amount of red worms during vermicomposting of cattle manure. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with three treatments e.g., T1 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 50 g of red worms), T2 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 100 g of red worms) and T3 (vermicomposting of 25 kg cowdung using 150 g of red worms) with 3 replications. Parameters studied were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), crude fiber (CF), carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) and pH at different days of intervals. Results showed that the amount of red worms has a significant influence on the quality of the final vermicompost. The highest DM content was observed in T3 and the lowest DM content was observed in T1 after 45 days of composting. There were significant (p<0.001) higher reduction rate of OM, OC and CF were found in T3 compared to T1 and T2 and the differences were also significant (p<0.001) among days intervals over 45 days of experimental period. TN content gradually increases with the increase of time. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in TN alteration among treatments along with time intervals. There was significant differences (P<0.001) in C/N among treatments and a gradual increment of C/N was found with the advancement of the vermicomposting. There were a little changes in pH of all the treatments but those treatments were not followed a trend during the total experimental period. Finally, it may be concluded that organic matter degradation rate is faster in T3 compared to T1 and T2. These might be indicated that amount of red worms are an important factors of OM decomposition or digestion during vermicomposting period. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 45-54

scholarly journals The environmental controls that govern the end product of bacterial nitrate respiration

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 345 (6197) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Kraft ◽  
Halina E. Tegetmeyer ◽  
Ritin Sharma ◽  
Martin G. Klotz ◽  
Timothy G. Ferdelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Nitrate Respiration ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

In the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, microbial respiration processes compete for nitrate as an electron acceptor. Denitrification converts nitrate into nitrogenous gas and thus removes fixed nitrogen from the biosphere, whereas ammonification converts nitrate into ammonium, which is directly reusable by primary producers. We combined multiple parallel long-term incubations of marine microbial nitrate-respiring communities with isotope labeling and metagenomics to unravel how specific environmental conditions select for either process. Microbial generation time, supply of nitrite relative to nitrate, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio were identified as key environmental controls that determine whether nitrite will be reduced to nitrogenous gas or ammonium. Our results define the microbial ecophysiology of a biogeochemical feedback loop that is key to global change, eutrophication, and wastewater treatment.

Industrial composting of low carbon/nitrogen ratio mixtures of agri-food waste and impact on compost quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 123946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Siles-Castellano ◽  
María J. López ◽  
Macarena M. Jurado ◽  
Francisca Suárez-Estrella ◽  
Juan A. López-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Industrial Composting

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

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