scholarly journals Nutritive capability of anaerobically digested black water increases productivity of Tetradesmus obliquus: Domestic wastewater as an alternative nutrient resource

2021 ◽  
pp. 100905
Author(s):  
Rahmania Admirasari ◽  
Stefan Hindersin ◽  
Klaus von Schwartzenberg ◽  
Dieter Hanelt
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Tetradesmus Obliquus

scholarly journals Characteristics of domestic wastewater and estimation of required johkasou capacity for buildings in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
S. Kumokawa ◽  
Y. Shirakawa ◽  
P. Flamand
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Quantity and quality of raw domestic wastewater are reviewed and discussed for packaged plants, known as johkasou, in Japan. A method for the estimation of johkasou capacity in terms of population equivalent, or PE, was introduced and discussed in this paper. It was found that the pollutant loads of domestic wastewater were respectively BOD 45 g, CODMn 23 g, SS 37 g, TN 9.3 g and TP 1.1 g per capita per day on average. It shows that the BOD load of wastewater from kitchens is higher than that of black water. The estimation of the johkasou capacity needed for buildings can be done using a series of formulas, which forms an important estimation method for the implementation of on-site wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Internal Ammonium Loading from Long-Term Polluted Sediments by Rural Domestic Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4657
Author(s):  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Yungui Li ◽  
Qingsong Wu ◽  
Zifei Wei ◽  
Qingqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Polluted Sediments

Given long-term decentralized and centralized rural domestic wastewater (RDW) discharge, nitrogen is continuously depositing in sediments. RDW discharge is assumed to be an important source of ammonium in surface water; however, the effect of long-term RDW discharge on nitrogen pollution in sediments remains unknown. Batch incubations were conducted to investigate the characteristics of internal ammonium loading from long-term polluted sediments by RDW discharge. Four sediments were demonstrated to be heavily polluted by long-term RDW discharge, with total nitrogen (TN) values of 5350, 8080, 2730, and 2000 mg·kg−1, respectively. The internal ammonium release from sediment was a slow and long process, and the risk of ammonium release from sediment during the dry season was significantly greater than that during the wet season. Though all selected sediments were heavily polluted by long-term RDW discharge, the relative contribution of internal ammonium loading from sediments was generally lower than that of external pollution. Hence, dredging is not suggested for RDW-polluted sediments except in response to an emergency. The excessive ammonium in the selected catchment was mainly from untreated and centralized black water in RDW. Centralized black waters in rural communities are highlighted to be separately treated or reused to maintain ammonium content at a safe level.

Removal of particles in organic filters in experimental treatment systems for domestic wastewater and black water

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Petter D. Jenssen ◽  
Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič ◽  
Andreea Oarga ◽  
TjaŠA Griessler Bulc
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Black Water

scholarly journals Factors influencing adequate sanitation on domestic wastewater management of black water type in Margasari Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
R Muliana ◽  
A Ghozali ◽  
Ariyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Black Water ◽  
High Level ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Sanitation on the domestic wastewater management (WWM) component was a severe concern in the slums of Margasari Village, which has two characteristics area, administrative neighborhood above water, and neighborhood on land. The universal access to adequate sanitation was only 35.8%. Therefore, Margasari Village belonged in the priority zone of sanitation risk at a very high level for domestic wastewater problems. The purpose of this research was to identify important factors to increase the adequateness sanitation on the black water domestic WWM in Margasari Village. The questionnaires spread on 345 household samples taken at 32 neighborhoods as the data collection method. Identification factors had done through two stages of analysis. The comparative descriptive analysis used to determine characteristics of the domestic WWM black water type obtained the findings that the neighborhood above water had low users percentage of adequate black water domestic WWM. Second, binary logistic regression analysis was to identify the factors that affect the adequatess domestic WWM of black water type, four significant factors encompassing household income, knowledge level, financing willingness, and ease of technology. Significant factors not only increased adequate sanitation, but also contribute to the development of appropriate environmental and public health policies related to slums settlement.

Anaerobic and Aerobic Submerged Bio-Filter System for Small Scale On-Site Domestic Sewage Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
K. Kuniyasu ◽  
H. Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

In order to prevent water pollution and satisfy the demands for flush toilets in regions where a public sewerage system has not been in service, some on-site small scale domestic wastewater treatment processes called GAPPEI JOHKASOU have been developed to treat black water and gray water together in an individual house. Prior to its technical development, the characteristics of wastewater discharged from individual houses should be measured. The possibility of application of anaerobic filter is examined for processing organic wastewater at low concentration like in domestic wastewater, and an anaerobic filteris successfully developed to lengthen the sludge removal interval, since the flow rate of wastewater from individual houses is characterized by a large variation. It is difficult to serve the centralized treatment systems in many regions. Thus, a small GAPPEI JOHKASOU has been developed and propagated for by individual houses in such regions.

Sludge accumulation and conversion to methane in a septic tank treating domestic wastewater or black water

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Elmitwalli
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sludge Accumulation

Although the septic tank is the most applied on-site system for wastewater pre-treatment, limited research has been performed to determine sludge accumulation and biogas production in the tank. Therefore a dynamic mathematical model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was developed for anaerobic digestion of the accumulated sludge in a septic tank treating domestic wastewater or black water. The results showed that influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the tank mainly control the filling time with sludge, while operational temperature governs characteristics of the accumulated sludge and conversion to methane. For obtaining stable sludge and high conversion, the tank needs to be operated for a period more than a year without sludge wasting. Maximum conversion to methane in the tank is about 50 and 60% for domestic wastewater and black water, respectively. The required period for sludge wasting depends on the influent COD concentration and the HRT, while characteristics of the wasted sludge are affected by operational temperature followed by the influent COD concentration and the HRT. Sludge production from the tank ranges between 0.19 to 0.22 and 0.13 to 0.15 L/(person.d), for the domestic wastewater and black water, respectively.

Enhanced primary treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen residues within DESAR concept using two types of anaerobic digesters

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kujawa-Roeleveld ◽  
T. Elmitwalli ◽  
G. Zeeman
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Accumulation Time ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Accumulation System

Anaerobic digestion of concentrated domestic wastewater streams – black or brown water, and solid fraction of kitchen waste is considered as a core technology in a source separation based sanitation concept (DESAR – decentralised sanitation and reuse). A simple anaerobic digester can be implemented for an enhanced primary treatment or, in some situations, as a main treatment. Two reactor configurations were extensively studied; accumulation system (AC) and UASB septic tank at 15, 20 and 25°C. Due to long retention times in an AC reactor, far stabilisation of treated medium can be accomplished with methanisation up to 60%. The AC systems are the most suitable to apply when the volume of waste to be treated is minimal and when a direct reuse of a treated medium in agriculture is possible. Digested effluent contains both liquid and solids. In a UASB septic tank, efficient separation of solids and liquid is accomplished. The total COD removal was above 80% at 25°C. The effluent contains COD and nutrients, mainly in a soluble form. The frequency of excess sludge removal is low and sludge is well stabilised due to a long accumulation time.

Biofilm/membrane filtration for reclamation and reuse of rural wastewaters

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kil-Soo Hyun ◽  
Seok-Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Filter Bed

To cost-effectively meet water quality and quantity requirements for rural areas, the objective of this research was to evaluate the performances of a three-stage process of anaerobic-oxic-anoxic biofilm filtration (AOBF) and membrane filtration (MF) processes and to assess the potential for reclamation and reuse of blended wastewater contained domestic wastewater, black water, and landfill leachate. The AOBF process at < LV 30 m/day showed good removal results of >90% for conventional pollutants (>75% for COD) and >70% for nutrient. Influent step-feeding with 0.8Q into filter bed 1 and 0.2Q into filter bed 2 achieved denitrification efficiency of 5–10% higher than without step feed. Efficiencies of plate membrane removal were greater than 90% for COD and more than approximate 75% for nutrients and heavy metals, respectively. The AOBF/MF system showed excellent removal results of >90–95% for soluble nutrients as well as nonsoluble fractions such as TSS, particulate COD. The effluent of AOBF/MF system met the reuse standard for industrial and agricultural water, while effluent of AOBF met the standard for the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants. These results indicate that the AOBF/MF system was suitable for rural integrated wastewater treatment by achieving cost-effectively an effluent quality able to be used for industrial, agricultural and water bodies recharge purposes.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of Capsicum Annum Under Irrigation with Different Levels of Domestic Waste Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmad Lone ◽  
Nayar Afaq Kirmani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Capsicum Annum

Use of wastewater for a variety of purposes is gaining increased popularity as a means of preserving scarce freshwater resources and nutrient recycling particularly in developing countries A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and yield of Capsicum annum var. Nishat-1 under irrigation with different concentrations of domestic wastewater (grey and black water) in combination with recommended dose of fertilizers(RDF). This field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years Kharief 2012-2013 and involved 6 treatments (T1–T6) with three replications in RCBD. Before being utilized, wastewater was stabilized for 20-25 days in open containers. The highest yield (288.12 q ha-1 ) was recorded in T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers =RDF) followed by 283.49 q ha-1 in T4 (50% grey water and 50% RDF ), 275.92 q ha-1 in T5 (50% black water 50% RDF) , 270.03 q ha-1 in T2 (100% grey water), 260 q ha-1 in T6 (50% black water and 50% grey water) and least of 251.96 q ha-1 in T3 (100% black water) . The data also reveals that the concentrations of the various physico-chemical parameters (viz., pH, EC, OC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb) of waste water and pre and post experiment soil samples were within permissible limits. Quality parameters viz total soluble salts, ascorbic acid, chl-a, chl-b, total-chl, carbohydrates and protein content between various treatments exhibited different trends. This study shows that there is an option for recycling of stabilized waste water in agriculture.

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