Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for T2 Renal Cell Carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Robert W. Ritchie ◽  
Mark E. Sullivan ◽  
Adam Jones
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Final Histology ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Operative Duration ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Large volume centres from the USA suggest laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for T2 (>7 cm) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is safe and associated with few complications. Similar data for low and intermediate volume centres in Europe is lacking. Objective: To determine whether LRN for T2 RCC in two intermediate volume UK hospitals compares favourably with larger volume centres. To determine whether LRN for T2 RCC is associated with favourable outcomes when compared to LRN for T1 RCC. Patients and methods: Data from 118 consecutive LRN performed in Oxford, UK (tertiary academic centre, catchment population 2,000,000) and Reading, UK (large district general hospital, catchment population 500,000). All patients undergoing LRN from 2004 to 2008 were included; outcome data were collected prospectively. All patients underwent a standard 4-port trans-peritoneal LRN with intact specimen removal. Patients were divided into two groups—Group 1 (clinical T1 tumours) and Group 2 (clinical T2 tumours). Demographic data and operative outcome data were collected for every patient including age, weight, operative duration, estimated blood loss, transfusion rates, complications, hospital stay and histology. Data were compared using Chi-square test and the Student t-test. Results: Mean patient age was 62.5 years; 57% of tumours were right sided. Mean tumour dimension in Group 1 was 4.3cm and 9.3cm in Group 2. Demographics were similar between the two groups. Operative duration, estimated blood loss and transfusion rates were significantly greater in Group 2. Despite this, complication rates, conversion rates and hospital stay were similar. 12% of tumours were benign and nearly half of all clinical T2 tumours were ultimately staged T3 on final histology. Conclusions: LRN for T2 RCC can be performed safely in intermediate volume centres. The procedure is more challenging but operative outcomes are similar to LRN for smaller tumours. Many >7 cm RCC are T3 on final histology.

Role of Frameless Stereotaxy in the Surgical Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: Technique and Outcomes in a Controlled Study of 44 Consecutive Patients

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Russell ◽  
Henry H. Woo ◽  
Seth S. Joseffer ◽  
Jafar J. Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Frameless Stereotaxy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe a frameless stereotactic technique used to resect cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to determine whether frameless stereotaxy during AVM resection could decrease operative times, minimize intraoperative blood losses, reduce postoperative complications, and improve surgical outcomes. METHODS Data for 44 consecutive patients with surgically resected cerebral AVMs were retrospectively reviewed. The first 22 patients underwent resection without stereotaxy (Group 1), whereas the next 22 patients underwent resection with the assistance of a frameless stereotaxy system (Group 2). RESULTS The patient characteristics, AVM morphological features, and percentages of preoperatively embolized cases were statistically similar for the two treatment groups. The mean operative time for Group 1 was 497 minutes, compared with 290 minutes for Group 2 (P = 0.0005). The estimated blood loss for Group 1 was 657 ml, compared with 311 ml for Group 2 (P = 0.0008). Complication rates, residual AVM incidences, and clinical outcomes were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSION Frameless stereotaxy allows surgeons to 1) plan the optimal trajectory to an AVM, 2) minimize the skin incision and craniotomy sizes, and 3) confirm the AVM margins and identify deep vascular components during resection. These benefits of stereotaxy were most apparent for small, deep AVMs that were not visible on the surface of the brain. Frameless stereotaxy reduces the operative time and blood loss during AVM resection.

scholarly journals How safe are elective craniotomies in elderly patients in neurosurgery today? A prospective cohort study of 1452 consecutive cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ralph T. Schär ◽  
Shpend Tashi ◽  
Mattia Branca ◽  
Nicole Söll ◽  
Debora Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVEWith global aging, elective craniotomies are increasingly being performed in elderly patients. There is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the impact of these procedures on the geriatric population. The goal of this study was to assess the safety of elective craniotomies for elderly patients in modern neurosurgery.METHODSFor this cohort study, adult patients, who underwent elective craniotomies between November 1, 2011, and October 31, 2018, were allocated to 3 age groups (group 1, < 65 years [n = 1008], group 2, ≥ 65 to < 75 [n = 315], and group 3, ≥ 75 [n = 129]). Primary outcome was the 30-day mortality after craniotomy. Secondary outcomes included rate of delayed extubation (> 1 hour), need for emergency head CT scan and reoperation within 48 hours after surgery, length of postoperative intensive or intermediate care unit stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and rate of discharge to home. Adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) class, estimated blood loss, and duration of surgery were analyzed as a comparison using multiple logistic regression. For significant differences a post hoc analysis was performed.RESULTSIn total, 1452 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 14.7 years) were included. The overall mortality rate was 0.55% (n = 8), with no significant differences between groups (group 1: 0.5% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 1.2%]; group 2: 0.3% [95% binominal CI 0.0%, 1.7%]; group 3: 1.6% [95% binominal CI 0.2%, 5.5%]). Deceased patients had a significantly higher ASA PS class (2.88 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.62; difference 0.46 [95% CI 0.03, 0.89]; p = 0.036) and increased estimated blood loss (1444 ± 1973 ml vs 436 ± 545 ml [95% CI 618, 1398]; p <0.001). Significant differences were found in the rate of postoperative head CT scans (group 1: 6.65% [n = 67], group 2: 7.30% [n = 23], group 3: 15.50% [n = 20]; p = 0.006), LOS (group 1: median 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], group 2: 5 days [IQR 4; 7 days], and group 3: 7 days [5; 9 days]; p = 0.001), and rate of discharge to home (group 1: 79.0% [n = 796], group 2: 72.0% [n = 227], and group 3: 44.2% [n = 57]; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSMortality following elective craniotomy was low in all age groups. Today, elective craniotomy for well-selected patients is safe, and for elderly patients, too. Elderly patients are more dependent on discharge to other hospitals and postacute care facilities after elective craniotomy.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01987648 (clinicaltrials.gov).

scholarly journals 1439 A Change in The Use of Post-Operative Drains in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Erdman ◽  
R Ali ◽  
R Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Haematoma Formation ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim Closed suction drains (CSD) are routinely used to reduce the risk of haematoma formation and wound infections in TKA. Our study aims to determine if the use of drains has any impact on estimated blood loss, transfusion rates and length of stay in hospital. Method Elective TKA cases performed under a single consultant between February 2018-March 2020 were identified. Electronic medical records were reviewed, and data collected on relevant variables. Estimated blood loss was calculated using Ward’s formula. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess for statistical significance. Results A total of 86 elective TKA cases were included in the study. In 41 cases patients had a CSD insitu post-operatively (group 1), in the other 45 cases a drain was not used (group 2). Both groups had similar distributions of age, BMI, and sex. We found no statistically significant differences in mean change (+/-SD) in haemoglobin post-operatively between group 1 (21.3 (+/- 9.4)) and group 2 (19 (+/- 10)), (p = 0.34). Mean estimated blood loss was 915mls (+/-365) for group 1 and 871mls (+/-455) for group 2, (p = 0.45). Group 1 had a higher rate of transfusion (4.8% vs 2.2%); however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.51). After accounting for unrelated medical complications or social barriers to discharge, the length of hospital stay was 4.7 (+/- 2.27) and 4.9 (+/- 3.14) for group 1 and 2 respectively, (p = 0.84). There were no reported cases of wound infection in both groups. Conclusions We found the use of drains in TKA confers no benefits in the outcomes evaluated.

scholarly journals Does dose modification affect efficacy of first-line pazopanib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 512-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Grassi ◽  
Giuseppe Procopio ◽  
Raffaele Ratta ◽  
Luca Porcu ◽  
Antonia Martinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

512 Background: Pazopanib is a standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and 800 mg/day is considered the optimal dose for mRCC patients (pts). However, some pts require a dose reduction due to toxicity. It remains unclear whether reduced-dose pazopanib is as effective as the standard dose in achieving a response. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated treatment duration, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and discontinuation rate in consecutive pts with mRCC treated with first-line pazopanib between 2011 and 2016 at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milano, Italy. Three patient groups were compared: group 1 received the standard starting dose of 800 mg/day continously, group 2 received a dose reduced to 400 or 600 mg/day after starting with 800 mg/day, and group 3 received a reduced starting dose of 400 or 600 mg/day because of ECOG performance status = 2-3 and/or comorbidities. Results: We included 69 pts, with 34 in group 1, 19 in group 2, and 16 in group 3. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years, and 64% were male. Overall 13% and 87% of pts were classified as Heng good and intermediate-risk respectively. In 10 and 9 pts of the group 2, the dose was reduced to 600 and 400 mg/day respectively while 12 and 4 pts in the group 3 received a reduced initial dose of 400 and 600 mg/day respectively. After a median follow-up of 13.9 months (range 0.3-43.8), 27 (39.1%) pts showed progressive disease (PD) and 3 (4.3%) pts were dead. Incidence rate of PD or death was 2.5 (95% CI: 0.6-4.4; Hazard ratio [HR]:1) per 100 person-months in group 1; 4.0 (95% CI: 0-11.4; HR: 1.45) per 100 person-months in group 2 and 3.3 (95% CI: 0-6.8; HR: 1.19) per 100 person-months in group 3. Rates of discontinuation due to PD were 28% in group 1, 42% in group 2, and 44% in group 3. ORR was 44%, 11% and 19% in group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that mRCC pts receiving a lower dose of first-line pazopanib might not have a meaningful PFS advantage compared with those receiving standard dose. These data highlight the importance of management of the treatment-related side effects that may eventually lead to optimal drug exposure.

Adrenalectomy

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
G. De Marchi ◽  
G.N. Drei ◽  
F. Faccioli ◽  
M. Meneguolo ◽  
S. Guazzieri
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Metastasis ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Between 1980 and 1990, 135 patients underwent nephrectomy in our Department for renal cell carcinoma. Two groups were identified: Group 1 (72 patients) had the adrenal gland removed; group 2 (63 patients) did not undergo removal of the gland. In group 1 only one patient had ipsilateral adrenal gland neoplastic involvement. This patient also had hepatic metastasis and died 4 months after surgery. Differences in the time of survival after surgery were not statistically significant between groups. In the light of present findings and on the basis of data reported in literature, the problem of systematic adrenalectomy as part of radical nephrectomy is discussed.

Potential synergistic effects of bisphosphonates with sorafenib on renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
Ye Ding-Wei ◽  
Zhang Hai-Lang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

496 Background: We evaluated the role of bisphosphonates in conjunction with sorafenib in improving progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. Methods: A total of 81 sorafenib-treated patients were retrospectively divided into 3 groups at our single study center: Group 1 (n=26, sorafenib single agent); Group 2 (n=26, sorafenib plus oral Bonefos); Group 3 (n=29, sorafenib plus intravenous zoledronic acid). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) before and 12 weeks after treatment were evaluated as prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Results: The majority of the patients were males (67.9%) with mean age of 57.2 ± 11.2 years. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar across the 3 study groups, and the known prognostic factors were balanced across the cohort. There was no significant difference observed in the objective response between the 3 study groups (Group 1 vs. 2 vs. 3; p=0.659); partial remission (8% vs. 8% vs. 10%), stable disease (65% vs. 80% vs. 66%), progressive disease (27% vs. 12% vs. 24%). Median PFS was significantly higher in Group 2 vs 1 vs 2 (18.7 vs. 6.7 vs. 10.5 months; p=0.024). Median OS was 16.8, 22.1, and 20.7 months; p=0.052 in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that bisphosphonate use (hazard ratio [HR]=0.36, p=0.006), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score (HR=4.10, p<0.001), non-clear cell subtype (HR=1.26, p=0.039), and elevated ALP after 12 weeks’ treatment (HR=3.53, p<0.001) were associated with PFS. MSKCC score (HR=5.24, p<0.001), elevated ALP after 12 weeks’ treatment (HR=4.71, p<0.001), and metastatic organs (HR=1.93, p=0.008) were associated with OS. Bisphosphonates use was not an independent predictor of OS (HR=0.55, p=0.160). Conclusions: Bisphosphonates administered with sorafenib could synergistically improve PFS and OS in RCC with bone metastases, with the benefit of being more efficacious and safer than intravenous zoledronic acid. Elevated ALP following the treatment could be an independent predictor for both PFS and OS in bone mRCC.

Comparison of Incidence of Neonatal Anemia in Different Timing of Delayed Cord Clamping; at 30 Seconds, 1 Minute and 2 Minutes in Term Vaginal Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To compare the effect of cord clamping time on the incidence of neonatal anemia, clinical outcomes, and maternal and neonatal complications in term vaginal delivered newborns. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study was undertaken. Two hundred forty healthy full term vaginal delivered newborns were randomly allocated to either 30-seconds, 1-minute, or 2-minutes groups (group 1, 2, and 3) of umbilical cord clamping. During the interval between delivery and cord clamping, the attendant held the neonate supine at the level of the introitus. Neonatal venous hematocrit (Hct) was measured at 48 to 72 hours after birth. Results: Two hundred thirty newborns completed the present study. Neonatal anemia (Hct less than 45%) was detected in six of 77 cases (7.8%) in group 1, five of 76 cases (6.6%) in group 2, and three of 77 case (3.9%) in group 3, and there were no significant differences among the groups. Mean venous hematocrit values at 48 to 72 hours of life ± standard deviations were 53.1±6.4% in group 1, 53.0±5.5% in group 2, and 53.0±5.7% in group 3. The incidence of polycythemia (hematocrit more than 65%) and neonatal jaundice were similar among all the groups. There were no significant differences in the estimated postpartum blood loss and other neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Neonatal hematocrit was not significantly different following delayed cord clamping (DCC) at 30-seconds, 1-minute, and 2-minutes, but the incidence of neonatal anemia decreased with the longer timing of DCC. The estimated blood loss and other complications were not different between the groups. Therefore, a minimum of a one minute DCC should be considered for neonatal anemic prevention when compared with the 30-seconds DCC. Keywords: Delayed cord clamping, Timing, Hematocrit, Neonatal anemia

Metformin use and outcome of sunitinib treatment in diabetic patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 440-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Keizman ◽  
Maya Ish-Shalom ◽  
Avivit Peer ◽  
Maya Gottfried ◽  
Hans J. Hammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinicopathologic Factors ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

440 Background: Sunitinib (Su) is a standard treatment (tx) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Pre-clinical and clinical studies in several cancer types suggest that the antidiabetic agent metformin (Met) has antitumor activity. Met may negatively regulate mTOR activity. Its effect on the outcome of targeted therapies in mRCC is poorly defined. We analyzed the effect of Met use on the outcome sunitinib tx in diabetic patients (pts) with mRCC. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of an unselected cohort of diabetic pts with mRCC, who were treated with Su in 7 centers across 2 countries. Pts were divided into 2 groups: (1) Met users and (2) Met naive. The effect of Met use on response rate (RR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), was tested with adjustment of other known confounding risk factors using a chisquare test and partial likelihood test from Cox model. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses of association between clinicopathologic factors and Met use, and outcome were performed using the entire pt cohort. Results: Between 2004-2014, 108 diabetic pts with mRCC were treated with sunitinib. There were 52 Met users (group 1) and 56 nonusers (group 2). The groups were balanced regarding the following clinicopathologic factors: age, gender, HENG risk, past nephrectomy, mRCC histology, ≥2 metastatic sites, lung/liver/bone metastasis, prior targeted tx, smoking status, use of angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs), pre-tx neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) >3, Su-induced hypertension (HTN), and Su dose reduction/tx interruption. Clinical benefit (partial response + stable disease) in group 1 vs. group 2 was 96% vs. 84%, while 4% vs. 16% had disease progression within the first 3 months of tx (p=0.054). Median PFS was 15 vs. 11.5 months (p=0.1). Median OS was 32 vs. 21 months (p=0.001). In multivariate analyses of the entire pt cohort (n=108), factors associated with PFS were active smoking (HR=2.7, p<0.0001) and pre-tx NLR >3 (HR 1.8, p=0.012). Factors associated with OS were Met use (HR 0.2, p<0.0001), HENG risk (HR 3.3, p=0.008), active smoking (HR=2.9, p<0.0001), liver metastases (HR 1.8, p=0.004), and pre-tx NLR >3 (HR 3.3, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Met use may improve the OS of diabetic pts with mRCC that are treated with Su.

scholarly journals The effect of prophylactic use of intravenous tranexamic acid in abdominal hysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Smita Barya ◽  
◽  
Dr. Sameer Goyal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Postoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Abdominal Drain ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Hysterectomy is one of the frequently performed major gynecological surgicalprocedures for various uterine pathologies. The objective of this study is to assess the effect ofintravenous tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in womenundergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was a randomizeddouble-blind study, involving a total of 120 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for benignetiology were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (non TA): (n=60) women receiving normalsaline and Group 2 (TA): (n=60) women receiving prophylactic Tranexamic Acid in 100 ml saline IVjust before skin incision. The primary outcome was intraoperative, postoperative, and all blood lossestimation. Results: Group 2 (TA) showed a great reduction in intraoperative and postoperativeblood loss (blood in the intra-abdominal drain) compared with Group 1 (non TA), (P = 0.0001,0.0001), so the overall estimated blood loss in groups 2 showed significant reduction compared withGroup 1 (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Intravenous tranexamic acid is a safe and reliable method tohelp decrease blood loss during and after abdominal hysterectomy.

scholarly journals Decrease of Pro-Angiogenic Monocytes Predicts Clinical Response to Anti-Angiogenic Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Stephane Oudard ◽  
Nadine Benhamouda ◽  
Bernard Escudier ◽  
Patrice Ravel ◽  
Thi Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Preference Study ◽  
Group 1

The modulation of subpopulations of pro-angiogenic monocytes (VEGFR-1+CD14 and Tie2+CD14) was analyzed in an ancillary study from the prospective PazopanIb versus Sunitinib patient preferenCE Study (PISCES) (NCT01064310), where metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients were treated with two anti-angiogenic drugs, either sunitinib or pazopanib. Blood samples from 86 patients were collected prospectively at baseline (T1), and at 10 weeks (T2) and 20 weeks (T3) after starting anti-angiogenic therapy. Various subpopulations of myeloid cells (monocytes, VEGFR-1+CD14 and Tie2+CD14 cells) decreased during treatment. When patients were divided into two subgroups with a decrease (defined as a >20% reduction from baseline value) (group 1) or not (group 2) at T3 for VEGFR-1+CD14 cells, group 1 patients presented a median PFS and OS of 24 months and 37 months, respectively, compared with a median PFS of 9 months (p = 0.032) and a median OS of 16 months (p = 0.033) in group 2 patients. The reduction in Tie2+CD14 at T3 predicted a benefit in OS at 18 months after therapy (p = 0.04). In conclusion, in this prospective clinical trial, a significant decrease in subpopulations of pro-angiogenic monocytes was associated with clinical response to anti-angiogenic drugs in patients with mRCC.

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