The past, present and future of carbon labelling for construction materials – A review

Purpose Over the past decade, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) introduced several green regulatory guidelines, federal decrees, and a considerable number of environmentally friendly initiatives. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the top green materials and systems used currently in the UAE construction industry as per the new laws dictate as well as see if professionals are switching over to incorporate more green materials, systems, and/or designs. Design/methodology/approach The work involved reviewing internationally popular green materials and systems for construction, developing a questionnaire based on the literature review, surveying professionals in the seven UAE emirates, and ranking the findings based on the relative importance index. Findings Findings found the top used green materials and system in the UAE’s construction industry. As well as identified that there is a communication gap between the design and implementation phases that is possibly hindering the use of more green materials and systems. Originality/value This study sets a baseline to measure the UAE’s progress over the coming years in terms of integrating more green construction materials, systems, methodologies, and trends.

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Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis ◽

10.2749/newyork.2019.0859 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rijk Block ◽

Barbara Kuit ◽

Torsten Schröder ◽

Patrick Teuffel

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Structural Engineering ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Flax Fibres ◽

The Past ◽

Natural Building ◽

Paris Climate Agreement ◽

Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

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Container System Design Developments Over Two Decades

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1982.19.4.364 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 19 (04) ◽

pp. 364-376

Author(s):

L. A. Harlander

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Common Denominator ◽

Strength Criteria ◽

The Past ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Design Loads ◽

Speed Stability ◽

The Common ◽

Gantry Cranes

This paper reviews the progress made over the past 20 years in the design and handling of containers. Factors influencing present container dimensions and strength criteria are discussed, as well as the crucial activity to establish container standardization. The container itself—"the common denominator"—is addressed from the viewpoint of its fittings, design loads and construction materials; and the containership from the viewpoint of arrangements, size, speed, stability, stowage and economics. The author offers several conclusions following the last two sections of the paper, which cover the remaining components of the system, namely, the shoreside gantry cranes and terminal facilities.

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The Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage in Seismic Areas

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.65 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133-134 ◽

pp. 65-77

Author(s):

Julio Vargas Neumann

Keyword(s):

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Stone Masonry ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

The Past ◽

Earthen Structures ◽

Historical Monuments ◽

Conservation Principles ◽

Seismic Forces

The acceleration of climate change and the increasing frequency of natural disasters mean that there is an urgent need to adapt conservation strategies for architectural heritage to the world’s new demands and situations. This is particularly relevant for the most vulnerable constructions, such as earthen structures. Because of the dramatic effect that earthquakes can have on architecture, and especially on historical monuments, they have been studied for the past 50 years. Earthquakes divide the world in two very distinct geographic areas: seismic and non-seismic. The seismic vulnerability of earthen architectural heritage, such as earthen structures and mud mortar masonry, evidences in by how weak they are when compared to structures built using other construction materials (10 to 15 times weaker). Humanity’s past experience in the conservation of architectural heritage allows us to be aware of the need to improve and eventually perfect the existing conservation charters, which were discussed and signed in Europe in the last century. These charters do not make a distinction between heritage conservation in seismic and non-seismic areas. It is imperative to address this particular issue, as seismic forces can be too strong for earthen constructions to resist, which can lead to their irreparable collapse. Inspired by the Venice Charter and China´s principles as well as by more modern documents, such as the Burra, Mexico, Zimbabwe, Lausana Charters, researchers have tried to establish adequate and resistant conservation guidelines, based on achieving the best structural performance using a minimum permanent and reversible reinforcement. Although this involves causing some impact on the architectural heritage, it also means that human lives and buildings can be protected. The paper will provide real examples to illustrate these cases and will attempt to outline the conservation principles required to protect vulnerable structures, such as those earthen constructions or mud mortar brick or stone masonry built in seismic areas.

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Operational Experience with Floating Breakwaters

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1977.14.4.379 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 379-386

Author(s):

Bruce H. Adee

Keyword(s):

Construction Materials ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ocean Waves ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Operational Experience ◽

Long Period ◽

The Past ◽

Wave Heights ◽

Floating Breakwaters

In the past few years floating breakwaters used for the protection of marina facilities have found increasing application. They provide a cost-effective solution at many potential sites and alleviate the environmental damage associated with more traditional breakwater construction. Operational experience has shown that these devices are effective in reducing incident wave heights where they are not subjected to long-period ocean waves. Experience also indicates suitable construction materials. Problems have developed in providing satisfactory connections between segments, but the large anchoring forces that were originally expected have not materialized in field measurements.

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Conflicting Professional Values in Medical Education

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics ◽

10.1017/s0963180103121032 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 7-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

JACK COULEHAN ◽

PETER C. WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Human Rights ◽

Informed Consent ◽

Role Models ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Building Codes ◽

Professional Values ◽

The Past ◽

Type Of Behavior

Ten years ago there was little talk about adding “professionalism” to the medical curriculum. Educators seemed to believe that professionalism was like the studs of a building—the occupants assume them to be present, supporting and defining the space in which they live or work, but no one talks much about them. Similarly, educators assumed that professional values would just “happen,” as trainees spent years working with mentors and role models, as had presumably been the case in the past. To continue the metaphor, when educators did discuss ethics and values, they tended to focus more on external building codes than on the nature of construction materials. Building codes are designed to ensure the public's safety by establishing procedures and standards. Likewise, the “new” bioethics of autonomy and informed consent that entered the medical curriculum in the 1970s and 1980s was oriented primarily toward protecting human rights (e.g., protecting patients from clinicians and clinicians from patients) by codification (e.g., who should decide and under what circumstances). In fact, educators explicitly warned students against acting on their personal or professional values in a misguided way—that is, in the absence of adequate ethical constraints, a type of behavior that came to be labeled, pejoratively, as paternalism.

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On the geological and economic assessment of the Lower Amur region (Russia)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019203013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 03013

Author(s):

Viktor Kryukov ◽

Irina Kradenykh

Keyword(s):

Gold Mining ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Resource Base ◽

The Past ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Mineral Wealth

The development of regional economy is based on medium and long-term strategies (programs) for economic industrialization. These documents are of a sectoral or integrated nature. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Kamchatka Territory have a scientifically substantiated strategy for the development of the mining industry. Despite its absence in Khabarovsk Territory, subsoil use in recent years has shown a steady growth in mining. The main volume of income comes from gold mining mainly in the northern and central parts of the region. Over the past 10 years, the most economically advantageous and geographically accessible minerals have been identified in the region. These include: coal, gold, platinum, tin, construction materials, groundwater. In the future, it is necessary to plan the development of copper-porphyry, alunite and polymetallic fields. The issues of increasing the resource base of liquid and strategic metals, formation of infrastructure, complexity of the use of mineral wealth and rational use of mineral resources remain problematic. A positive solution to problems is possible when developing and implementing an industry strategy. The basis for its formation is the geological and economic assessment of particular territories of the region.

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الروحية في النتاج الزخرفي المؤصل للعمارة العربية الاسلامية

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning ◽

10.36041/iqjap.v17i2.436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Saleh Alfaraj Al-Ataabi ◽

Ahmed Abed Jalowb

Keyword(s):

Construction Materials ◽

Research Problem ◽

Islamic Architecture ◽

Knowledge Framework ◽

The Past ◽

Long Time ◽

Research Findings ◽

Contemporary Architecture ◽

Local Materials ◽

Modern Technologies

Today the world is looking at a range of contemporary and influential technologies at all levels, Which contribute to the strengthening of contemporary architecture, Where architecture was directly influenced by contemporary technologies, The speed of achievement and accuracy in work and little effort as well as the diversity of materials that would last longer, This has become a point of attraction for architectural trends, especially the original Arab Islamic decoration, Which in the past had been created by local materials that were subject to erosion, with craftsmen's hands and a long time of achievement, Despite the availability of modern technologies of material and high-end possibilities, it remains to be seen whether Arab-Islamic decorations under thistechnological revolution still preserve their spirit and authenticity, Hence the special research problem, which states: (The lack of knowledge about the spirituality of the decorative product of contemporary Islamic Arab architecture), Therefore, the aim of the research is to promote the spiritual achieved in the decorative products inherent and inherent in contemporary Arab Islamic architecture, The research methodology included building a conceptual and knowledge framework for the main and secondary research terms, and then extrapolating a number of previous studies and constructing the theoretical framework for the research and then applying it to a sample of the selected projects. And that the most important research findings that the spirituality of original decorative products lies in the aesthetics associated with the form subject to the original content, where spiritual means the bug in existence and overflowing form of vitality and immortality, And the contemporary technical development in the construction materials and methods of construction makes the Arab Islamic decoration as authentic and contemporary as long as it preserves the content and form of content.

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Influence of fly ash addition on physical-mechanical properties of clay bricks – literature review

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1209 (1) ◽

pp. 012046

Author(s):

I Vrdoljak

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Literature Review ◽

Review Paper ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Waste Material ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Clay Brick ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

The Past ◽

By Products

Abstract During the past years, due to the increase in the number of people and the increasing degree of industrialization, the amount of by-products produced, the so-called waste materials are becoming larger. As this problem grows with age, attempts are being made to find answers to the questions of how to use waste material purposefully in order to reduce the problem of disposing of large quantities of this type of material. One way to reduce the accumulation of waste material is to use it in construction materials. This literature review paper presents the research of the area dealing with the influence of fly ash application on properties of clay brick. The application of fly ash at various percentages in relation to the mass of clay and the influence of fly ash at different firing temperatures are studied.

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A Study on Partial Replacement of Plastics in Paver Blocks

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation ◽

10.34256/irjmtcon33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 249-252

Author(s):

Dhivya Bharathi S ◽

Mounishica Navarathinam ◽

Pavithra A

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Long Period ◽

The Past ◽

Plastic Wastes

The use of plastics in the current busy world has increased multiple times in the past few years. Many forthcoming industries and enterprises (business companies and organizations) produce more varieties of plastic. The inappropriate way of disposing these plastics will result these detrimental compounds to pollute and degrade the environment by getting mixed with it. The intermolecular bonds that constitute plastics are designed in such a way that it can neither get corroded nor decomposed. In order to succeed this issue we have to find an effective way to dispose plastics. In this project we have used recycled plastic wastes to construct paver blocks. This material also has few advantages like they are extremely durable and hard to reject (them last for a long period of time), it doesn’t have rusting properties and are non-soluble in water. These properties together makes plastic highly durable. The main aim of this project is to reduce the dependency level of construction materials on natural resources which are on verge of getting exhausted and also to diminish the environmental degradation caused by the utilization of plastics. We also used IOT sensors in this project to detect the temperature and alert the users regarding the condition of plastics used inside the paver blocks. This will allow the users to take proper measures and repair it accordingly.

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