Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides

Abstract Objectives Ginkgo biloba leaves contain amentoflavone (AMF), a dietary flavonoid that possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity. Flavonoids are extensively subjected to glucuronidation. This study aimed to determine the metabolic profile of AMF and the effect of glucuronidation on AMF bioactivity. Methods A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of AMF and its metabolites. The metabolic profile of AMF was elucidated using different species of microsomes. The antioxidant activity of AMF metabolites was determined using DPPH/ABTS radical and nitric oxide assays. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites was evaluated in U87MG/U251 cells. Key findings Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the oral bioavailability of AMF was 0.06 ± 0.04%, and the area under the curve of the glucuronidated AMF metabolites (410.938 ± 62.219 ng/ml h) was significantly higher than that of AMF (194.509 ± 16.915 ng/ml h). UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 greatly metabolized AMF. No significant difference was observed in the antioxidant activity between AMF and its metabolites. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites significantly decreased. Conclusions A low AMF bioavailability was due to extensive glucuronidation, which was mediated by UGT1A1 and UGT1A3. Glucuronidated AMF metabolites had the same antioxidant but had a lower anticancer activity than that of AMF.

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in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Fermentation Products of Ginkgo biloba

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2014.16784 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 7351-7354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xuan Liu ◽

Xin Zhan ◽

Xianwei Zou ◽

Yun Huang ◽

Qian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

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Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 548-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

X LIU ◽

M DONG ◽

X CHEN ◽

M JIANG ◽

X LV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba

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Extraction of water-soluble polysaccharide and the antioxidant activity from Ginkgo biloba leaves

Medicinal Chemistry Research ◽

10.1007/s00044-009-9189-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 262-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Bo Jiang ◽

Hongyan Zhang ◽

Changjian Liu ◽

Yanying Wang ◽

Shengdi Fan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Polysaccharide

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Evaluation of In Vitro Solar Protection Factor (SPF), Antioxidant Activity, and Cell Viability of Mixed Vegetable Extracts from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 453 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Letícia Caramori Cefali ◽

Janaina Artem Ataide ◽

Ana Rita Fernandes ◽

Elena Sanchez-Lopez ◽

Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Ruta Graveolens ◽

Protection Factor

The aim of this study was to validate a HPLC method for the assay of flavonoids in extracts obtained from natural sources, i.e., from Dirmophandra mollis Benth, Ginkgo biloba L., Ruta graveolens L., and Vitis vinífera L. The potential sun protecting effect, antioxidant activity, and cell viability of the extracts were also determined. Individual extracts (obtained from each individual species) and a mixed extract (containing the four extracts) were analyzed by the validated HPLC method for the identification of flavonoids and quantification of rutin and quercetin. An in vitro cell viability study was carried out using the neutral red method. The in vitro sun protection factor was determined by spectral transmittance and in vitro antioxidant efficacy was evaluated against DPPH, ABTS, and AAPH radicals. The HPLC method used for the identification and quantification of flavonoids in extracts exhibited linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Detection and quantification limits were, respectively, 2.881 ± 0.9 μg·mL−1 and 0.864 ± 0.9 μg·mL−1 for quercetin, and 30.09 ± 1 μg·mL−1 and 9.027 ± 1.1 μg·mL−1 for rutin. All extracts did not affect cell viability at the evaluated concentration range and exhibited a sun protection effect and antioxidant activity. Among the evaluated extracts, Ginkgo biloba L. and the mixed extract depicted the most expressive antioxidant activity. The mixed extract exhibited sunscreen protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) and a critical wavelength of 372.7 ± 0.1. Our results translate the enhanced flavonoids’ composition of the mixed extract, which may be a potential alternative over sunscreens and antioxidants in pharmaceutic/cosmetic formulations.

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The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) ◽

10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Zahraa S. Qasim

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Oral Lesion ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Activity Test ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extracts ◽

Healthy Persons

The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.

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Chemometric analysis of antioxidant properties of herbal products containing Ginkgo biloba extract

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0139-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 374-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joanna Ronowicz ◽

Bogumiła Kupcewicz ◽

Elżbieta Budzisz

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Chemical Characteristic ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Drug Products ◽

Experimental Values

AbstractGinkgo biloba extract is a popular ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations. The level of bioactive compounds determines final antioxidant activity of an extract and its therapeutic efficiency. The aim of the project was to assess phytopharmaceuticals containing Ginkgo extracts in terms of their chemical characteristic and antioxidant activity using selected chemometric methods. The aim of the study was also to investigate whether the antioxidant activity of phytopharmaceuticals can be successfully predicted based on their chromatograms. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of methanolic Ginkgo extracts were determined using a spectrophotometric technique. Comparative chemometric analysis of investigated pharmaceutical formulations was carried out using hierarchical and non-hierarchical segmentation algorithms. Samples of herbal drug products were clearly separated from samples of dietary supplements. A tree regression method was used to predict the antioxidant activity of pharmaceuticals based on the chromatographic description. The correlations between the predicted (by regression model) and experimental values of IC50 for training and testing subset were 0.960 and 0.949, respectively. The chemometric techniques, combined with instrumental analysis, could improve and simplify the quality control methods of herbal products. The antioxidant activity, predicted on the basis of chromatograms, may be one of measures of final product quality.

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The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) ◽

10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Zahraa S. Qasim

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Oral Lesion ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Activity Test ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extracts ◽

Healthy Persons

The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.

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