The role of stem cells in the response to myocardial and vascular wall injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Vikram Shah ◽  
Richard N. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Wall Injury

scholarly journals Human perivascular stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate bone repair

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Xu ◽  
Yiyun Wang ◽  
Ching-Yun Hsu ◽  
Yongxing Gao ◽  
Carolyn Ann Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Perivascular Stem Cells

The vascular wall is a source of progenitor cells that are able to induce skeletal repair, primarily by paracrine mechanisms. Here, the paracrine role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone healing was investigated. First, purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were observed to induce mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic effects on osteoprogenitor cells while in non-contact co-culture via elaboration of EVs. PSC-derived EVs shared mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic properties of their parent cell. PSC-EV effects were dependent on surface-associated tetraspanins, as demonstrated by EV trypsinization, or neutralizing antibodies for CD9 or CD81. Moreover, shRNA knockdown in recipient cells demonstrated requirement for the CD9/CD81 binding partners IGSF8 and PTGFRN for EV bioactivity. Finally, PSC-EVs stimulated bone repair, and did so via stimulation of skeletal cell proliferation, migration, and osteodifferentiation. In sum, PSC-EVs mediate the same tissue repair effects of perivascular stem cells, and represent an ‘off-the-shelf’ alternative for bone tissue regeneration.

Role of Platelet Activation in Catheter-Induced Vascular Wall Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Zolpi ◽  
Cinzia Filipetto ◽  
Barbara Bertipaglia ◽  
Jenny Taiani ◽  
Lisa Gasparotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Wall Injury

scholarly journals Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Arterial Aneurysms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Amato ◽  
Rita Compagna ◽  
Maurizio Amato ◽  
Raffaele Grande ◽  
Lucia Butrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor Production ◽  
Vascular Stem Cells ◽  
Arterial Aneurysms ◽  
The Relationship

Evidences have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells (SCs) at sites of arterial aneurysms: they can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are activated after residing in a quiescent state in the vascular wall. Recent studies have implicated the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms: in fact the increased synthesis of MMPs by arterial SMCs is thought to be a pivotal mechanism in aneurysm formation. The factors and signaling pathways involved in regulating wall resident SC recruitment, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and differentiation may be also related to selective expression of different MMPs. This review explores the relationship between adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular SCs, MMPs, and arterial aneurysms.

scholarly journals Role of the Vasa Vasorum and Vascular Resident Stem Cells in Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Kawabe ◽  
Naoyuki Hasebe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Atheromatous Plaques ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Conducting Tube

Atherosclerosis is considered an “inside-out” response, that begins with the dysfunction of intimal endothelial cells and leads to neointimal plaque formation. The adventitia of large blood vessels has been recognized as an active part of the vessel wall that is involved in the process of atherosclerosis. There are characteristic changes in the adventitial vasa vasorum that are associated with the development of atheromatous plaques. However, whether vasa vasorum plays a causative or merely reactive role in the atherosclerotic process is not completely clear. Recent studies report that the vascular wall contains a number of stem/progenitor cells that may contribute to vascular remodeling. Microvessels serve as the vascular niche that maintains the resident stem/progenitor cells of the tissue. Therefore, the vasa vasorum may contribute to vascular remodeling through not only its conventional function as a blood conducting tube, but also its new conceptual function as a stem cell reservoir. This brief review highlights the recent advances contributing to our understanding of the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum in the atherosclerosis and discusses new concept that involves vascular-resident factors, the vasa vasorum and its associated vascular-resident stem cells, in the atherosclerotic process.

Exercise-Induced Fibrinolysis – Fact or Fiction?

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Marsh ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects

SummaryThe effect of strenuous exercise on the fibrinolytic and coagulation mechanisms was examined in six healthy male subjects. Five min bicycle exercise at a work-rate of 800 to 1200 kpm. min−1 produced an abrupt increase in plasma plasminogen activator levels which disappeared after 90 min. However, there was no change in early or late fibrin degradation products nor was there a change in fibrinopeptide A levels or βthromboglobulin levels after exercise although activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly shortened. It is concluded that strenuous exercise does not produce any real increase in fibrinogen-fibrin conversion nor any real increase in the breakdown of these proteins. The role of exercise-induced release of plasminogen activator remains unclear, but probably helps to maintain plasma levels in a discontinuous manner concurrently with the continuous low-level secretion from the vascular wall. The shortening of partial thromboplastin time may be due to the raised levels of plasminogen activator changing the activation state of other coagulation factors.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
A. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hemostatic Disorder

Presented material reveals main links in the pathogenesis of hemostatic disorder. In particular, attention is paid to the role of the lungs, liver and other organs in the development of this process. Role of vascular wall and blood cells in regulation of the physical state of blood is described in detail. The most frequent factors leading to hypercoagulation are indicated. Difference between hypercoagulation and thrombophilia is shown. The latter is found in clinical practice quite often, but at the same time, it is poorly diagnosed. Such a terrible complication of hemostatic disorder as disseminated intravascular coagulation is described. Its classification, stages of development, clinical manifestations are offered to the readers.

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