Two stages light gasoil hydrotreating for low sulfur diesel production

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramírez ◽  
C. Cabrera ◽  
C. Aguilar ◽  
H. Vaca ◽  
P. Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Gasoil ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Diesel Production

Review of Desulfurization Technology for Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
Jo-Yong Park ◽  
◽  
Jae-Kon Kim ◽  
Eui-Soon Yim ◽  
Choong-Sub Jung
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Diesel Production

Toward the zero-emission coal-to-liquids plant

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Harold H. Schobert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Additional Hydrogen

A novel near-zero-emission process for obtaining clean middle-distillate fuels, primarily from coal and with some algal input, has been developed. This process involves the solvent extraction of coal, followed by two stages of hydrotreating and hydrogenation, and finally distillation, to produce fuels of very low sulfur and low aromatics content. Prototype fuels have been shown to provide performance comparable to petroleum-derived jet and diesel fuels in gas turbine and small diesel engines, as well as in the solid oxide fuel cell. Approaches for reducing plant emissions nearly to zero would begin with obtaining the hydrogen needed for hydrotreating the primary coal liquid extract by water electrolysis with non-carbon electricity. The process heat necessary for the extraction, hydrotreating and distillation steps could be obtained from concentrated solar power or non-carbon electricity. Hydrotreating of the primary coal extract will produce hydrogen sulfide. Use of solar splitting of hydrogen sulfide would prevent any emissions of this pollutant, and at the same time provide the opportunity to recycle hydrogen back into the process and obtain an additional revenue stream from the sale of by-product sulfur. Some carbon dioxide production is likely, and would be inevitable if natural-gas-fired process heaters were used. Carbon dioxide capture in algal photobioreactors is proposed; oils recovered from the algae could be blended with the coal-derived liquids, and spent algae could be gasified to produce additional hydrogen for hydrotreating and hydrogenation.

Conceptual design of a reactive distillation process for ultra-low sulfur diesel production

2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Viveros-García ◽  
J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia ◽  
Ricardo Lobo-Oehmichen ◽  
J. Antonio de los Reyes-Heredia ◽  
Eduardo S. Pérez-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Diesel Production

scholarly journals Feasibility of New Liquid Fuel Blends for Medium-Speed Engines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriina Sirviö ◽  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Sonja Heikkilä ◽  
Jukka Kiijärvi ◽  
Michaela Hissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Diesel Production

Several sustainable liquid fuel alternatives are needed for different compression ignition (CI) engine applications. In the present study, five different fuel blends were investigated. Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) was used as the basic renewable fuel, and it was blended with low-sulfur light fuel oil (LFO), kerosene, marine gas oil (MGO), and naphtha. Of these fuels, MGO is a circulation economy fuel, manufactured from used lubricants. Naphtha is renewable as it is a by-product of renewable diesel production process using tall oil as feedstock. In addition to RME, naphtha was also blended with LFO. The aim of the current study was to determine the most important properties of the five fuel blends in order to gather fundamental knowledge about their suitability for medium-speed CI engines. The share of renewables within these five blends varied from 20 to 100 vol.%. The properties that were investigated and compared were the cetane number, distillation, density, viscosity, cold properties, and lubricity. According to the results, all the studied blends may be operable in medium-speed engines. Blending of new, renewable fuels with more conventional ones will help ease the technical transitional period as long as the availability of renewable fuels is limited.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

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