A CO2 solubility model for silicate melts from fluid saturation to graphite or diamond saturation

CO2 removal via membrane oxygenators during lung protective ventilation has become a reliable clinical technique. For further optimization of oxygenators, accurate prediction of the CO2 removal rate is necessary. It can either be determined by measuring the CO2 content in the exhaust gas of the oxygenator (sweep flow-based) or using blood gas analyzer data and a CO2 solubility model (blood-based). In this study, we determined the CO2 removal rate of a prototype oxygenator utilizing both methods in in vitro trials with bovine and in vivo trials with porcine blood. While the sweep flow-based method is reliably accurate, the blood-based method depends on the accuracy of the solubility model. In this work, we quantified performances of four different solubility models by calculating the deviation of the CO2 removal rates determined by both methods. Obtained data suggest that the simplest model (Loeppky) performs better than the more complex ones (May, Siggaard-Anderson, and Zierenberg). The models of May, Siggaard-Anderson, and Zierenberg show a significantly better performance for in vitro bovine blood data than for in vivo porcine blood data. Furthermore, the suitability of the Loeppky model parameters for bovine blood (in vitro) and porcine blood (in vivo) is evaluated.

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A new type of high-temperature, high-pressure cell for spectroscopic studies of hydrous silicate melts

American Mineralogist ◽

10.2138/am-1996-11-1222 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1507-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marcus Nowak ◽

Harald Behrens ◽

Wilhelm Johannes

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Temperature ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Silicate Melts ◽

High Pressure Cell ◽

Pressure Cell ◽

Hydrous Silicate ◽

New Type ◽

High Temperature High Pressure

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Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1988.0008 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 99-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Lepistö ◽

P. G. Whitehead ◽

C. Neal ◽

B. J. Cosby

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Base Cations ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Mineral Weathering ◽

Co2 Solubility ◽

Forested Catchments ◽

Deposition Rates ◽

Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

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COMPARING SOURCE ROCK MATURITY WITH PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND FLUID SATURATION IN THE BAKKEN-THREE FORKS PETROLEUM SYSTEM OF THE DIVIDE COUNTY,WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA

10.1130/abs/2018am-319919 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Adedoyin Adeyilola ◽

◽

Stephan Nordeng

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Pore Size Distribution ◽

Pore Size ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Source Rock ◽

Petroleum System ◽

Williston Basin ◽

Fluid Saturation ◽

Three Forks

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Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians

Open Archaeology ◽

10.1515/opar-2020-0124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 454-476

Author(s):

Franco Foresta Martin ◽

Silvio G. Rotolo ◽

Manuela Nazzari ◽

Maria Luisa Carapezza

Keyword(s):

Electron Microprobe ◽

Minor Element ◽

Igneous Rocks ◽

Chlorine Concentration ◽

Silicate Melts ◽

Alkali Content ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

A Minor

Abstract Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples. In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we present thirty-one new electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses, including Cl, of geologic obsidians sampled from the four sources of the Central Mediterranean, exploited in prehistoric times (Monte Arci, Palmarola, Lipari and Pantelleria). The results are compared with 175 new EPMA analyses, including Cl, of archaeological obsidians already characterised in previous work and of known provenance. As such it was possible to ascertain that each source has a characteristic chlorine concentration, showing the utility of its use in the studies of obsidian provenance. Furthermore, given that the solubility of chlorine in silicate melts is correlated to its alkali content, in particular sodium, we assessed the efficacy of simple binary graphs Cl vs Na2O to better constrain the provenance of the obsidian samples.

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